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Human TGF-alpha Antibody

Catalog #: AF-239-NA
17 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF-239-NA
AF-239-SP
Cell Proliferation Induced by TGF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody.
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Citations (17)
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Human TGF-alpha Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human TGF-alpha in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 0.05% cross‑reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TGF‑ beta 1, rhAmphiregulin, rhBetacellulin, rhEGF, rhHRG-alpha, and rhSMDF is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human TGF-alpha
Val40-Ala89
Accession # P01135
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human TGF-alpha (Catalog # 239-A)
Immunohistochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below

Human TGF-alpha Sandwich Immunoassay

Recommended Concentration
Reagent
ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)
0.2-0.8 µg/mL 

Use in combination with:

Detection Reagent: Human TGF‑ alpha Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF239)

Standard: Recombinant Human TGF-alpha Protein, CF (Catalog # 239-A)

Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize TGF‑ alpha -induced proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.15-0.75 μg/mL in the presence of 3 ng/mL Recombinant Human TGF‑ alpha.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization Cell Proliferation Induced by TGF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody. View Larger

Cell Proliferation Induced by TGF‑ alpha and Neutralization by Human TGF‑ alpha Antibody. Recombinant Human TGF-a (Catalog # 239-A) stimulates proliferation in the Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Proliferation elicited by Recombinant Human TGF-a (3 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.15-0.75 µg/mL.

Immunohistochemistry TGF‑a antibody in Human Astrocytoma by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

TGF‑ alpha in Human Astrocytoma. TGF-a was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma using 15 µg/mL Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA) overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained with the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Immunohistochemistry TGF-a antibody in Human Astrocytoma by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

TGF-alpha in Human Astrocytoma. TGF-a was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human astrocytoma using Goat Anti-Human TGF-a Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-239-NA) at 15 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Tissue was stained using the Anti-Goat HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS008) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Lower panel shows a lack of labeling if primary antibodies are omitted and tissue is stained only with secondary antibody followed by incubation with detection reagents. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Western Blot Detection of Mouse TGF-alpha by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Mouse TGF-alpha by Western Blot Dynamic expression and processing of Tgf-alpha and Hb-egf during multistep pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis (PNET). (A) Relative expression of Egf family members in cDNAs prepared from total RNA extracts of successive stages of neoplastic progression (NI = normal islets; HI = hyperplastic islets; AI = angiogenic islets; IT = islet tumors). Levels of mRNAs are expressed as a percentage of the mGus control mRNA. (B) Western blot analysis of the various forms of Tgf-alpha polypeptides in total protein extracts from successive stages of disease progression. (C) Analogous Western blot analysis of the various forms of Hb-egf polypeptides in total protein extracts from the successive disease stages. Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following open publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20975924), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TGF-alpha

TGF-alpha was originally isolated from the conditioned media of oncogenically transformed cells as an EGF-like bioactivity. TGF-alpha is a member of the EGF family of cytokines that are synthesized as transmembrane precursors and are characterized by the presence of one or several EGF structural units in their extracellular domain. The soluble forms of these cytokines are released from the transmembrane protein by proteolytic cleavage. Membrane-bound proTGF-alpha is biologically active and seems to play a role in mediation of cell-cell adhesion and in juxtacrine stimulation of adjacent cells. Expression of TGF-alpha is widespread in tumors and transformed cells. TGF-alpha is also expressed in normal tissues during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, including pituitary, brain, keratinocytes and macrophages. Mature TGF-alpha  shows approximately 93% amino acid sequence identity with mouse or rat TGF-alpha and is not species specific in its biological effects.

TGF-alpha binds to the EGF receptor and activates the receptor tyrosine kinase. Accordingly, TGF-alpha shows a similar potency to EGF as a mitogen for fibroblasts and as an inducer of epithelial development in vivo. TGF-alpha is reportedly more potent than EGF as an angiogenic factor in vivo and as a stimulator for keratinocyte migration. The EGF receptor gene represents the cellular homologue of the avian v-erb-B oncogene.

Long Name
Transforming Growth Factor alpha
Entrez Gene IDs
7039 (Human)
Alternate Names
protransforming growth factor alpha; TFGA; TGFA; TGFalpha; TGF-alpha; transforming growth factor, alpha; transforming growth factor-alpha

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Citations for Human TGF-alpha Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

17 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Cytokines and Growth Factors Expressed by Human Cutaneous Melanoma
    Authors: Elias G. Elias, Joanne H. Hasskamp, Bhuvnesh K. Sharma
    Cancers (Basel)
  2. Mesenchymal Transglutaminase 2 Activates Epithelial ADAM17: Link to G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 56 (ADGRG1) Signalling
    Authors: Bauer, L;Edwards, J;Heil, A;Dewitt, S;Biebermann, H;Aeschlimann, D;Knäuper, V;
    International journal of molecular sciences
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: BALF
    Applications: Neutralization
  3. Locally advanced rectal cancer transcriptomic-based secretome analysis reveals novel biomarkers useful to identify patients according to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response
    Authors: LMD Canto, SS Cury, MC Barros-Fil, BEC Kupper, MDFS Begnami, C Scapulatem, RF Carvalho, FA Marchi, DA Olsen, JS Madsen, BM Havelund, S Aguiar, SR Rogatto
    Sci Rep, 2019-06-18;9(1):8702.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: ELISA Capture
  4. Temporal expression of growth factors triggered by epiregulin regulates inflammation development.
    Authors: Harada M, Kamimura D, Arima Y, Kohsaka H, Nakatsuji Y, Nishida M, Atsumi T, Meng J, Bando H, Singh R, Sabharwal L, Jiang J, Kumai N, Miyasaka N, Sakoda S, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Ogura H, Hirano T, Murakami M
    J Immunol, 2015-01-02;194(3):1039-46.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  5. Amphiregulin carboxy-terminal domain is required for autocrine keratinocyte growth.
    Authors: Stoll SW, Johnson JL, Li Y, Rittie L, Elder JT
    J. Invest. Dermatol., 2010-04-29;130(8):2031-40.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  6. The luteinizing hormone receptor-activated extracellularly regulated kinase-1/2 cascade stimulates epiregulin release from granulosa cells.
    Authors: Andric N, Ascoli M
    Endocrinology, 2008-07-24;149(11):5549-56.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  7. Association of tetraspanin CD9 with transmembrane TGFalpha confers alterations in cell-surface presentation of TGFalpha and cytoskeletal organization.
    Authors: Imhof I, Gasper WJ, Derynck R
    J. Cell. Sci., 2008-06-10;121(0):2265-74.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Immunoprecipitation
  8. Development and validation of sandwich ELISA microarrays with minimal assay interference.
    Authors: Gonzalez RM, Seurynck-Servoss SL, Crowley SA
    J. Proteome Res., 2008-04-19;7(6):2406-14.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: ELISA Microarray Development
  9. Expression and role of EGFR ligands induced in airway cells by PM2.5 and its components.
    Authors: Rumelhard M, Ramgolam K, Hamel R, Marano F, Baeza-Squiban A
    Eur. Respir. J., 2007-09-05;30(6):1064-73.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  10. EGFR signaling is required for TGF-beta 1 mediated COX-2 induction in human bronchial epithelial cells.
    Authors: Liu M, Yang SC, Sharma S, Luo J, Cui X, Peebles KA, Huang M, Sato M, Ramirez RD, Shay JW, Minna JD, Dubinett SM
    Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2007-06-28;37(5):578-88.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  11. Epidermal growth factor-like growth factors prevent apoptosis of alcohol-exposed human placental cytotrophoblast cells.
    Authors: Wolff GS, Chiang PJ, Smith SM, Romero R, Armant DR
    Biol. Reprod., 2007-03-28;77(1):53-60.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  12. Transforming growth factor-alpha: a major human serum factor that promotes human keratinocyte migration.
    Authors: Li Y, Fan J, Chen M, Li W, Woodley DT
    J. Invest. Dermatol., 2006-05-11;126(9):2096-105.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Serum
    Applications: Immunodepletion, Neutralization
  13. The response of human epithelial cells to TNF involves an inducible autocrine cascade.
    Authors: Janes KA, Gaudet S, Albeck JG, Nielsen UB, Lauffenburger DA, Sorger PK
    Cell, 2006-03-24;124(6):1225-39.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  14. Mek1 alters epidermal growth and differentiation.
    Authors: Scholl FA, Dumesic PA
    Cancer Res., 2004-09-01;64(17):6035-40.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  15. Autocrine extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in normal human keratinocytes: metalloproteinase-mediated release of amphiregulin triggers signaling from ErbB1 to ERK.
    Authors: Kansra S, Johnson JL
    Mol. Biol. Cell, 2004-07-14;15(9):4299-309.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  16. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor regulates human extravillous cytotrophoblast development during conversion to the invasive phenotype.
    Authors: Leach RE, Kilburn B, Wang J, Liu Z, Romero R, Armant DR
    Dev. Biol., 2004-02-15;266(2):223-37.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC, Neutralization
  17. Differential Contribution to Neuroendocrine Tumorigenesis of Parallel Egfr Signaling in Cancer Cells and Pericytes
    Authors: Olivier Nolan-Stevaux, Morgan C. Truitt, Jessica C. Pahler, Peter Olson, Cristina Guinto, David C. Lee et al.
    Genes & Cancer

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