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Prolactin (PRL) is a neuroendocrine pituitary hormone that is synthesized by anterior pituitary, placenta, brain, uterus, dermal fibroblasts, decidua, B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and breast cancer cells. The prolactin receptor is a transmembrane type I glycoprotein that belongs to the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family.

Prolactin receptor (PRL R) contains an extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domain. Transcriptional regulation of the PRL R gene results in several different species-dependent isoforms of PRL R being produced.