TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody

Catalog #: AF-302-NA
4 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
AF-302-NA
AF-302-SP

TGF‑ beta 2 Inhibition of IL‑4-dependent Cell Proliferation and Neutralization by TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 Antibody.

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Citations (4)

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Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody Summary

Specificity

Detects TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots (non-reducing conditions), less than 2% cross‑reactivity with TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 is observed.

Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Immunogen

Porcine platelet-derived TGF-beta 2

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL

Recombinant Human TGF-beta 2 (Catalog # 302-B2)
Recombinant Human TGF-beta 1.2 (Catalog # 304-B3)

Immunohistochemistry

5-15 µg/mL

Immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human prostate cancer tissue

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize TGF‑ beta 2 inhibition of IL‑4-dependent proliferation in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The Neutralization Dose (ND₅₀) is typically 0.01-0.03 µg/mL in the presence of 1 ng/mL Porcine TGF‑ beta 2 and 7.5 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse IL‑4.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Neutralization

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TGF‑ beta 2 Inhibition of IL‑4-dependent Cell Proliferation and Neutralization by TGF‑ beta 2/1.2 Antibody. Porcine TGF-beta 2 (Catalog # 102-B2) inhibits Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (Catalog # 404-ML) induced proliferation in the HT-2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recombinant Mouse IL-4 (7.5 ng/mL) activity elicited by Porcine TGF-beta 2 (1 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-302-NA). The ND₅₀ is typically 0.01-0.03 µg/mL.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TGF-beta 2/1.2

Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus.

TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic 'cysteine knot'. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.

Long Name

Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 and 1.2

Entrez Gene IDs

7042 (Human)

Alternate Names

TGF-beta 2/1.2

Product Datasheets

Product Datasheet

COA

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Related Research Areas

Citations for TGF-beta 2/1.2 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

4 Citations: Showing 1 - 4
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