Human VEGF-D Antibody Summary
Phe93-Ser201
Accession # O43915
Applications
Human VEGF-D Sandwich Immunoassay
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: VEGF-D
Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D), also known as c-fos-induced growth factor (FIGF), is a secreted glycoprotein of the VEGF/PDGF family. VEGFs regulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during development and tumor growth, and are characterized by eight conserved cysteine residues that form a cystine knot structure (1-3). VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which share 23% amino acid (aa) sequence identity, are uniquely expressed as preproproteins that contain long N- and
C‑terminal propeptide extensions around the VEGF homology domain (VHD) (1, 2). Proteolytic processing of the 354 aa VEGF-D preproprotein creates a secreted proprotein. Further processing by extracellular serine proteases, such as plasmin or furin-like proprotein convertases, forms mature VEGF-D consisting of
non‑covalently linked 42 kDa homodimers of the 117 aa VHD (4-6). Mature human VEGF-D shares 94%, 95%, 99%, 97% and 93% aa identity with mouse, rat, equine, canine and bovine VEGF-D, respectively (4, 5). It is expressed in adult lung, heart, muscle, and small intestine, and is most abundantly expressed in fetal lungs and skin (1-4). Mouse and human VEGF-D are ligands for VEGF Receptor 3 (VEGF R3, also called Flt-4) that are active across species and show enhanced affinity when processed (7). Processed human VEGF-D is also a ligand for VEGF R2, also called Flk-1 or KDR (7). VEGF R3 is strongly expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells and is essential for regulation of the growth and differentiation of lymphatic endothelium (1, 2). While VEGF-C is the critical ligand for VEGF R3 during embryonic lymphatic development, VEGF-D is most active in neonatal lymphatic maturation and bone growth (8-10). Both promote tumor lymphangiogenesis (11). Consonant with their activity on VEGF receptors, binding of VEGF-C and VEGF-D to neuropilins contributes to VEGF R3 signaling in lymphangiogenesis, while binding to integrin alpha 9 beta 1 mediates endothelial cell adhesion and migration (12, 13).
- Roy, H. et al. (2006) FEBS Lett. 580:2879.
- Otrock, Z.H. et al. (2007) Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 38:258.
- Yamada, Y. et al. (1997) Genomics 42:483.
- Stacker, S.A. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:32127.
- McColl, B.K. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:863.
- McColl, B.K. et al. (2007) FASEB J. 21:1088.
- Baldwin, M.E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:19166.
- Baldwin, M.E. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol. 25:2441.
- Karpanen, T. et al. (2006) Am. J. Pathol. 169:708.
- Orlandini, M. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:17961.
- Stacker, S.A. et al. (2001) Nature Med. 7:186.
- Karpanen, T. et al. (2006) FASEB J. 20:1462.
- Vlahakis, N.E. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:4544.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human VEGF-D Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 3
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Differential receptor binding and regulatory mechanisms for the lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D
Authors: Marc G Achen
J. Biol. Chem., 2016-11-16;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Western Blot -
Pulmonary Vasculopathy Associated with FIGF Gene Mutation
Authors: Souheil Y El-Chemaly
Am. J. Pathol., 2016-11-12;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot -
Autocrine effects of VEGF-D on endothelial cells after transduction with AD-VEGF-D(DeltaNDeltaC).
Authors: Papiewska-Pajak I, Boncela J, Przygodzka P, Cierniewski CS
Exp. Cell Res., 2010-01-22;316(6):907-14.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
Applications: Western Blot
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