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Human TREM2 Biotinylated Antibody

Catalog #: BAF1828
22 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS
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BAF1828
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TREM2 in Human PBMCs.
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Citations (22)
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Human TREM2 Biotinylated Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human TREM2 in Western blots. In Western blots, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TREM2b, rhTREM1, and recombinant mouse TREM3 is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human TREM2
His19-Ser174
Accession # Q9NZC2
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Label
Biotin

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
0.1 µg/mL
Recombinant Human TREM2
Flow Cytometry
0.25 µg/106 cells
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Immunocytochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Immunocytochemistry TREM2 antibody in Human PBMCs by Immunocytochemistry (ICC). View Larger

TREM2 in Human PBMCs. TREM2 was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with LPS using Goat Anti-Human TREM2 Biotinylated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1828) at 10 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Streptavidin (red; Catalog # NL999) and counterstained with DAPI(blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Flow Cytometry View Larger

Detection of TREM-2 in THP-1 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line was stained with Goat Anti-Human TREM-2 Biotinylated Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # BAF1828, filled histogram) or control antibody (BAF108, open histogram), followed by Phycoerythrin-conjugated Streptavidin (F0040). Staining was performed using our Staining Membrane-associated Proteins protocol.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TREM2

TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-2) is a 35 kDa molecular weight type I transmembrane member of the TREM family and Ig superfamily. Mature human TREM2 consists of a 156 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with one V-type Ig-like domain, a 21 aa transmembrane (TM) domain, and a 35 aa cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD, human TREM2 shares 73% and 74% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat TREM2, respectively. Two closely related transcripts were reported in mouse and designated TREM2a and TREM2b. Soluble forms of the TREM2 ECD are generated by alternative splicing or proteolytic cleavage, and the cytoplasmic domain can be liberated by gamma-Secretase mediated intramembrane cleavage. It is a pattern recognition receptor that binds anionic ligands. A positively charged lysine within the transmembrane segment allows association with the signal adapter protein, DAP12 to deliver an activating signal that plays a role in both innate and adaptive immune responses, including inhibition of macrophage activation. TREM2 is expressed on macrophages, immature myeloid dendritic cells, osteoclasts, microglia, and adipocytes. It promotes the differentiation and function of osteoclasts, the production of inflammatory cytokines by adipocytes, insulin resistance, and the phagocytic clearance of bacteria. In the CNS, TREM2 binds to ApoE, ApoA1, and ApoB and mediates the clearance of apoptotic neurons, amyloid plaques, and cell debris following demyelination. TREM2 also interacts with and modifies signaling through Plexin A1 on dendritic cells and osteoclasts. Mutations in TREM2 or DAP12 are associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD/PLOSL) which is characterized by presenile dementia and bone cysts. Soluble TREM2 is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis (MS), and TREM2 blockade exacerbates disease symptoms in the experimental EAE model of MS.

Long Name
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2
Entrez Gene IDs
54209 (Human); 102133279 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names
PLOSL2; TREM2; TREM-2; Trem2a; Trem2b; Trem2c; TREM-2triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2a; Triggering receptor expressed on monocytes 2; triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2

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Citations for Human TREM2 Biotinylated Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

22 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. p75 neurotrophin receptor modulation in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a trial
    Authors: Shanks, HRC;Chen, K;Reiman, EM;Blennow, K;Cummings, JL;Massa, SM;Longo, FM;Börjesson-Hanson, A;Windisch, M;Schmitz, TW;
    Nature medicine
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: CSF
    Applications: ELISA Capture
  2. CSF 14-3-3 zeta(?) isoform is associated with tau pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
    Authors: Qiang, Q;Skudder-Hill, L;Toyota, T;Huang, Z;Wei, W;Adachi, H;Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ;
    Journal of the neurological sciences
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: CSF
    Applications: ELISA Capture
  3. TREM2 is down-regulated by HSV1 in microglia and involved in antiviral defense in the brain
    Authors: Fruhwürth, S;Reinert, LS;Öberg, C;Sakr, M;Henricsson, M;Zetterberg, H;Paludan, SR;
    Science advances
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
  4. Defects in lysosomal function and lipid metabolism in human microglia harboring a TREM2 loss of function mutation
    Authors: Filipello F, You SF, Mirfakhar FS et al.
    Acta Neuropathologica
  5. TREM2 splice isoforms generate soluble TREM2 species that disrupt long-term potentiation
    Authors: Miguel Moutinho, Israel Coronel, Andy P. Tsai, Gonzalo Viana Di Prisco, Taylor Pennington, Brady K. Atwood et al.
    Genome Medicine
  6. CSF glial markers are elevated in a subset of patients with genetic frontotemporal dementia
    Authors: Ione O. C. Woollacott, Imogen J. Swift, Aitana Sogorb‐Esteve, Carolin Heller, Kathryn Knowles, Arabella Bouzigues et al.
    Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
  7. Selection and structural characterization of anti-TREM2 scFvs that reduce levels of shed ectodomain
    Authors: Aleksandra Szykowska, Yu Chen, Thomas B. Smith, Charlotta Preger, Jingjing Yang, Dongming Qian et al.
    Structure
  8. PLCgamma2 regulates TREM2 signalling and integrin-mediated adhesion and migration of human iPSC-derived macrophages
    Authors: J Obst, HL Hall-Rober, TB Smith, M Kreuzer, L Magno, E Di Daniel, JB Davis, E Mead
    Scientific Reports, 2021-10-06;11(1):19842.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: ELISA Detection
  9. The relationship of soluble TREM2 to other biomarkers of sporadic Alzheimer's disease
    Authors: SH Park, EH Lee, HJ Kim, S Jo, S Lee, SW Seo, HH Park, SH Koh, JH Lee
    Scientific Reports, 2021-06-22;11(1):13050.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
    Applications: Immunoprecipitation
  10. Longitudinal biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    Authors: Fen Huang, Yuda Zhu, Jennifer Hsiao‐Nakamoto, Xinyan Tang, Jason C. Dugas, Miriam Moscovitch‐Lopatin et al.
    Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
  11. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
    Authors: Gargi Banerjee, Gareth Ambler, Ashvini Keshavan, Ross W. Paterson, Martha S. Foiani, Jamie Toombs et al.
    Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
  12. An Altered Relationship between Soluble TREM2 and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Report
    Authors: Grace E. Weber, Katherine A. Koenig, Maria Khrestian, Yvonne Shao, Elizabeth D. Tuason, Marie Gramm et al.
    The Journal of Immunology
  13. Plasma levels of soluble TREM2 and neurofilament light chain in TREM2 rare variant carriers
    Authors: NJ Ashton, M Suárez-Cal, A Heslegrave, A Hye, C Razquin, P Pastor, R Sanchez-Va, JL Molinuevo, PJ Visser, K Blennow, AK Hodges, H Zetterberg
    Alzheimers Res Ther, 2019-11-28;11(1):94.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
    Applications: ELISA Capture
  14. Increased soluble TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with reduced cognitive and clinical decline in Alzheimer’s disease
    Authors: Michael Ewers, Nicolai Franzmeier, Marc Suárez-Calvet, Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez, Miguel Angel Araque Caballero, Gernot Kleinberger et al.
    Science Translational Medicine
  15. Exercise as a potential modulator of inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease measured in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma
    Authors: CS Jensen, JM Bahl, LB Østergaard, P Høgh, L Wermuth, A Heslegrave, H Zetterberg, NHH Heegaard, SG Hasselbalc, AH Simonsen
    Exp. Gerontol., 2019-04-11;121(0):91-98.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Plasma
  16. Soluble TREM2 ameliorates pathological phenotypes by modulating microglial functions in an Alzheimer's disease model
    Authors: L Zhong, Y Xu, R Zhuo, T Wang, K Wang, R Huang, D Wang, Y Gao, Y Zhu, X Sheng, K Chen, N Wang, L Zhu, D Can, Y Marten, M Shinohara, CC Liu, D Du, H Sun, L Wen, H Xu, G Bu, XF Chen
    Nat Commun, 2019-03-25;10(1):1365.
    Species: Transgenic Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: ELISA Development (Detection)
  17. CSF progranulin increases in the course of Alzheimer's disease and is associated with sTREM2, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline
    Authors: M Suárez-Cal, A Capell, MÁ Araque Cab, E Morenas-Ro, K Fellerer, N Franzmeier, G Kleinberge, E Eren, Y Deming, L Piccio, CM Karch, C Cruchaga, K Paumier, RJ Bateman, AM Fagan, JC Morris, J Levin, A Danek, M Jucker, CL Masters, MN Rossor, JM Ringman, LM Shaw, JQ Trojanowsk, M Weiner, M Ewers, C Haass
    EMBO Mol Med, 2018-12-01;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: CSF
    Applications: ELISA Development (Capture)
  18. Cerebrospinal fluid soluble TREM2 levels in frontotemporal dementia differ by genetic and pathological subgroup
    Authors: IOC Woollacott, JM Nicholas, A Heslegrave, C Heller, MS Foiani, KM Dick, LL Russell, RW Paterson, A Keshavan, NC Fox, JD Warren, JM Schott, H Zetterberg, JD Rohrer
    Alzheimers Res Ther, 2018-08-16;10(1):79.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: CSF
  19. TREM2 shedding by cleavage at the H157-S158 bond is accelerated for the Alzheimer's disease-associated H157Y variant
    Authors: P Thornton, J Sevalle, MJ Deery, G Fraser, Y Zhou, S Ståhl, EH Franssen, RB Dodd, S Qamar, B Gomez Pere, LS Nicol, S Eketjäll, J Revell, C Jones, A Billinton, PH St George-, I Chessell, DC Crowther
    EMBO Mol Med, 2017-10-01;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: ELISA Development (Detection)
  20. A split-luciferase complementation, real-time reporting assay enables monitoring of the disease-associated transmembrane protein TREM2 in live cells
    Authors: MM Varnum, KA Clayton, A Yoshii-Kit, G Yonemoto, L Koro, S Ikezu, T Ikezu
    J. Biol. Chem., 2017-05-10;0(0):.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates, Whole Cells
    Applications: ELISA Development, Functional Assay
  21. A data-driven approach links microglia to pathology and prognosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    Authors: J Cooper-Kno, C Green, G Altschuler, W Wei, JJ Bury, PR Heath, M Wyles, C Gelsthorpe, JR Highley, A Lorente-Po, T Beck, K Doyle, K Otero, B Traynor, J Kirby, PJ Shaw, W Hide
    Acta Neuropathol Commun, 2017-03-16;5(1):23.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: CSF
    Applications: ELISA Development (Detection)
  22. TREM2 Alzheimer's variant R47H causes similar transcriptional dysregulation to knockout, yet only subtle functional phenotypes in human iPSC-derived macrophages
    Authors: H Hall-Rober, D Agarwal, J Obst, TB Smith, J Monzón-San, E Di Daniel, C Webber, WS James, E Mead, JB Davis, SA Cowley
    Alzheimers Res Ther, 2020-11-16;12(1):151.

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