Human IL-31 Antibody

Catalog #: AF2824
2 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
AF2824
AF2824-SP

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All IL-31 Antibodies

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Citations (2)

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Human IL-31 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human IL‑31 in ELISAs and Western blots. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 1% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse IL-31 is observed.

Source

Polyclonal Goat IgG

Purification

Antigen Affinity-purified

Immunogen

E. coli-derived recombinant human IL-31
Ser24-Thr164
Accession # Q6EBC2

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Endotoxin Level

<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

0.1 µg/mL

Recombinant Human IL‑31 (Catalog # 2824-IL)

Immunocytochemistry

5-15 µg/mL

See below

Human IL-31 Sandwich Immunoassay

Recommended Concentration

Reagent

ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)

0.2-0.8 µg/mL

Use in combination with:

Detection Reagent: Human IL‑31 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF2824)

Standard: Recombinant Human IL-31 Protein (Catalog # 2824-IL)

Neutralization

Measured by its ability to neutralize IL‑31-induced STAT3 activation in the U‑87 MG human glioblastoma/astrocytoma cell line. 1 μg/mL of this antibody can completely neutralize rhIL-31 (5 ng/mL) induced STAT3 activation in U-87 MG cells

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Immunocytochemistry

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IL‑31 in Human PBMCs. IL-31 was detected in immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with calcium ionomycin and PMA using Goat Anti-Human IL-31 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF2824) at 15 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cell surfaces and cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: IL-31

Human Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is a 24 kDa, short-chain member of the alpha -helical family of cytokines. The human IL-31 cDNA encodes a 164 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal peptide and a 141 aa mature protein (1, 2). The mature region shows four alpha -helices which would be expected to show a typical up‑up‑down‑down topology. Human and mouse IL-31 share 24% aa sequence identity in the mature region (1). IL-31 is mainly associated with activated T cells and preferentially expressed by Th2 rather than Th1 cells. IL-31 signals via a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of a 120 kDa, gp130-related molecule termed IL‑31 RA (also GPL and GLM-R) and the 180 kDa oncostatin M receptor (OSM R beta ) (2‑6). In the complex, IL-31 directly binds to GPL, not OSM R (2, 3). IL-31 signaling has been shown to involve the Jak/STAT pathway, the PI3 kinase/AKT cascade, and the MAP kinase pathway (2‑5). Although multiple isoforms of IL-31 RA are known, only a form that contains the entire length of the cytoplasmic domain is signaling-capable (2, 3). The IL-31 receptor is constitutively expressed by keratinocytes and upregulated by IFN-gamma on monocytes (1). Studies using transgenic mice indicate that IL-31 may contribute to the pruritis (itching) associated with nonatopic dermatitis (1, 7).

References

Dillon, S.R. et al. (2004) Nat. Immunol. 5:752.
Diveu, C. et al. (2004) Eur. Cytokine Netw. 15:291.
Dreuw, A. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:36112.
Diveu, C. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:49850.
Ghilardi, N. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem 277:16831.
Mosley, B. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271:32635.
Takaoka, A. et al. (2005) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 516:180.

Long Name

Interleukin 31

Entrez Gene IDs

386653 (Human); 76399 (Mouse)

Alternate Names

IL31; IL-31; IL-31interleukin-31; interleukin 31

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Product Datasheet

COA

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Citations for Human IL-31 Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

2 Citations: Showing 1 - 2
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Fibrocytes boost tumor-supportive phenotypic switches in the lung cancer niche via the endothelin system
Authors: A Weigert, X Zheng, A Nenzel, K Turkowski, S Günther, E Strack, E Sirait-Fis, E Elwakeel, IM Kur, VS Nikam, C Valasaraja, H Winter, A Wissgott, R Voswinkel, F Grimminger, B Brüne, W Seeger, SS Pullamsett, R Savai
Nature Communications, 2022-10-14;13(1):6078.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization
Effect of interleukin‑31 on septic shock through regulating inflammasomes and interleukin‑1 beta
Authors: Xuyun Gu, Chen Wei, Xishan Zhu, Feiping Lu, Bo Sheng, Xuefeng Zang
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine