Human Dkk-4 Antibody

Catalog #: MAB1269 Datasheet / COA / SDS

Catalog #	Availability	Size / Price	Qty
MAB1269-050
MAB1269-500
MAB1269-SP

All Dkk-4 Antibodies

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Summary Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human Dkk-4 Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity

Human

Specificity

Detects human Dkk-4 in ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, less than 2% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) Dkk-4 is observed and no cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) Dkk-1 or rhDkk-3 is observed. In sandwich immunoassays, less than 2% cross-reactivity with rmDkk-4 is observed and no cross-reactivity with rhDkk-1, recombinant rat Dkk-1, rmDkk‑1, or rhDkk-3 is observed.

Source

Monoclonal Mouse IgG_2B Clone # 185709

Purification

Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

Immunogen

Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Dkk-4
Leu19-Leu224
Accession # Q9UBT3

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

Label

Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration

Sample

Western Blot

1 µg/mL

Recombinant Human Dkk‑4 (Catalog # 1269-DK) under non-reducing conditions only

Human Dkk-4 Sandwich Immunoassay

Recommended Concentration

Reagent

ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)

2-8 µg/mL

Use in combination with:

Detection Reagent: Human Dkk‑4 Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # BAF1269)

Standard: Recombinant Human Dkk-4 Protein (Catalog # 1269-DK)

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Reconstitution Calculator

Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution

Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

Shipping

Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.

Stability & Storage

Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Dkk-4

Dickkopf related protein 4 (Dkk-4) is a member of the Dkk protein family that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, and -4 (1). All four members are secreted proteins that are synthesized as precursor proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide and 2 conserved cysteine-rich domains, which are separated by a linker region. Dkk proteins have potential furin type proteolytic cleavage sites, and short forms of Dkk-2 and Dkk-4 containing only the second cysteine-rich domain can be generated by proteolytic processing (1). Dkk proteins have distinct patterns of expression in adult and embryonic tissues, suggesting that they may play diverse roles in these tissues.

The Dkk proteins have distinct effects on Wnt signaling. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are Wnt antagonists. Dkk-3 has not been demonstrated to affect Wnt signaling, and Dkk-2 acts as an agonist or antagonist, depending on the cellular context. Wnt signaling regulates many important developmental processes including neural crest differentiation, brain development, kidney morphogenesis, and sex determination. In addition, Wnt signaling has also been implicated in tumor formation. Canonical Wnt signaling via the beta-catenin pathway is transduced by a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins (Fz) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related proteins (LRP5/6) (2, 3). Unlike many soluble Wnt antagonists that function by binding extracellular Wnt ligands to prevent interaction of Wnt with the Fz‑LRP5/6 receptor complex, Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 antagonize Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by direct high-affinity binding to the Wnt coreceptor LRP5/6 and inhibiting interaction of LRP5/6 with the Wnt-Frizzled complex (4). Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 also bind the transmembrane proteins Kremen1 (Krm1) and Krm2 with high-affinity (5). Krm2 has been shown to form a ternary complex with Dkk-1 or -4 and LRP5/6 to trigger internalization of the complex and removal of LRP6 from the cell surface. Thus, Dkk-1/4 and Kremens function synergistically to antagonize LRP5/6-mediated Wnt activity. Dkk-2 also binds to LRP5/6 and the Kremens, but Dkk-2 acts as an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway only in the presence of Krm2 (5, 6). Dkk-2 binding to LRP5/6 in the absence of Krm2 activates rather than inhibits Wnt signalling (6).

References

Krupnik, V.E. et al. (1999) Gene 238:301.
Zorn, A.M. (2001) Current Biology R592.
Mao, J. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell 7:801.
Nusse, R. et al. (2001) Nature 411:255.
Mao, J. et al. (2002) Nature 417:664.
Mao, B. and C. Niehrs (2003) Gene 302:179.

Long Name

Dickkopf-4

Entrez Gene IDs

27121 (Human); 234130 (Mouse)

Alternate Names

dickkopf (Xenopus laevis) homolog 4; dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis); dickkopf-4; dickkopf-related protein 4; Dkk4; Dkk-4; hDkk-4; MGC129562; MGC129563