Human CD28 Antibody Summary
Asn19-Pro152
Accession # P10747
Applications
under non-reducing conditions only
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
Human CD28 Antibody Enhances IL-2 Secretion in Jurkat Cells. Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody enhances IL-2 secretion in the Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cell line stimulated with 10 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 0.5 µM calcium ionophore, in a dose-dependent manner, as measured using the Quantikine Human IL-2 ELISA Kit (D2050). The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.2-0.6 µg/mL.
Detection of CD28 in U266 human myeloma cell line (Positive) & K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (Negative). CD28 was detected in immersion fixed U266 human myeloma cell line (Positive) & K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (Negative) using Mouse Anti-Human CD28 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB342) at 8 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (red; Catalog # NL007) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to Cytoplasm. View our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: CD28
CD28 and CTLA-4, together with their ligands, B7-1 and B7-2, constitute one of the dominant costimulatory pathways that regulate T and B cell responses. CD28 and CTLA-4 are structurally homologous molecules that are members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily. Both CD28 and CTLA-4 are composed of a single Ig
V‑like extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. CD28 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on the cell surface as disulfide-linked homodimers or as monomers. The genes encoding these two molecules are closely linked on human chromosome 2 and mouse chromosome 1. Mouse CD28 is expressed constitutively on virtually 100% of mouse T cells and on developing thymocytes. Cell surface expression of mouse CD28 is down-regulated upon ligation of CD28 in the presence of PMA or PHA. In contrast, CTLA-4 is not expressed constitutively but is up-regulated rapidly following T cell activation and CD28 ligation. Cell surface expression of mouse CTLA-4 peaks approximately 48 hours after activation. Although both CTLA-4 and CD28 can bind to the same ligands, CTLA-4 binds to B7-1 and B7-2 with a 20-100 fold higher affinity than CD28. CD28/B7 interaction has been shown to prevent apoptosis of activated T cells via the upregulation of Bcl-xL. CD28 ligation has also been shown to regulate Th1/Th2 differentiation.
- Lenschow, D.J. et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 14:233.
- Hathcock, K.S. and R.J. Hodes (1996) Advances in Immunol. 62:131.
- Ward, S.G. (1996) Biochem. J. 318:361.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human CD28 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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A cortical astrocyte subpopulation inhibits axon growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: RUI LIU, ZHE WANG, LIN GOU, HANPENG XU
Molecular Medicine Reports
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Preparation and application of a novel monoclonal antibody specific for human B7-H3
Authors: JIAN SHI, DONG-LEI ZHANG, ZHI-CHU CUI, HUI-MIN WANG
Molecular Medicine Reports
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Induction of a Th17 Phenotype in Human Skin—A Mimic of Dermal Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Sara M. Garrett, Qihong Zhao, Carol Feghali-Bostwick
Methods and Protocols
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Reduced circulating interleukin 35 is associated with enhanced peripheral T cell function in primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Siqi Liu, Qian Zhang, Mengyao Zhang, Xuejing Zhong, Wudong Wang, Lishuang Wang et al.
Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
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The homodimer interfaces of costimulatory receptors B7 and CD28 control their engagement and pro-inflammatory signaling
Authors: Popugailo, A;Rotfogel, Z;Levy, M;Turgeman, O;Hillman, D;Levy, R;Arad, G;Shpilka, T;Kaempfer, R;
Journal of biomedical science
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
CD28 and 41BB Costimulatory Domains Alone or in Combination Differentially Influence Cell Surface Dynamics and Organization of Chimeric Antigen Receptors and Early Activation of CAR T Cells
Authors: Mez?si-Csaplár, M;Szö?r, Á;Vereb, G;
Cancers
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The alarmin interleukin-1? triggers secondary degeneration through reactive astrocytes and endothelium after spinal cord injury
Authors: Bretheau F, Castellanos-Molina A, B�langer D et al.
Nature Communications
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An intercellular transfer of telomeres rescues T cells from senescence and promotes long-term immunological memory
Authors: A Lanna, B Vaz, C D'Ambra, S Valvo, C Vuotto, V Chiurchiù, O Devine, M Sanchez, G Borsellino, AN Akbar, M De Bardi, DW Gilroy, ML Dustin, B Blumer, M Karin
Nature Cell Biology, 2022-09-15;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Overexpression of ascitic interleukin-35 induces CD8+ T cell exhaustion in liver cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: L Yang, S Liu, Q Zhang, S Jia, C Qiu, Z Jin
International immunopharmacology, 2022-03-26;108(0):108729.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Eradicating tumor in a recurrent cervical cancer patient with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a modified lymphodepleting regimen.
Authors: Guo J, Luo N, Ai G, Yang W, Zhu J, Li C, Chen R, Zhang C, Liu S, Jin H, Cheng Z
J Immunother Cancer, 2022-02-01;10(2):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Analysis of transient membrane protein interactions by single-molecule diffusional mobility shift assay
Authors: MG Jeong, K Zhou, S Park, H An, Y Kwon, Y Chang, DH Kim, SH Ryu
Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 2021-02-19;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
CAR T cells targeting tumor endothelial marker CLEC14A inhibit tumor growth
Authors: X Zhuang, F Maione, J Robinson, M Bentley, B Kaul, K Whitworth, N Jumbu, E Jinks, J Bystrom, P Gabriele, E Garibaldi, E Delmastro, Z Nagy, D Gilham, E Giraudo, R Bicknell, SP Lee
JCI Insight, 2020-10-02;5(19):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Characterization of BAY 1905254, an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Targeting the Immunoglobulin-Like Domain Containing Receptor 2 (ILDR2)
Authors: J Huetter, U Gritzan, I Gutcher, WD Doecke, MV Luetke-Eve, S Golfier, HG Roider, AL Frisk, J Hunter, A Pow, A Drake, Z Levine, O Levy, M Azulay, I Barbiro, G Cojocaru, I Vaknin, B Kreft, L Roese
Cancer Immunol Res, 2020-04-20;8(7):895-911.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay, T Cell Activation -
PCC0208025 (BMS202), a small molecule inhibitor of PD-L1, produces an antitumor effect in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice
Authors: Z Hu, P Yu, G Du, W Wang, H Zhu, N Li, H Zhao, Z Dong, L Ye, J Tian
PLoS ONE, 2020-03-26;15(3):e0228339.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Ex vivo culture of lesional psoriasis skin for pharmacological testing
Authors: ML Tiirikaine, A Woetmann, H Norsgaard, LF Santamaria, P Lovato
J. Dermatol. Sci., 2019-12-27;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: Tissue Culture -
4D electron microscopy of T cell activation
Authors: Y Lu, BK Yoo, AHC Ng, J Kim, S Yeom, J Tang, MM Lin, AH Zewail, JR Heath
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2019-10-14;116(44):22014-22019.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Fisetin, a 3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone Inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK Pathways and Ameliorates Psoriasis Pathology in 2D and 3D Organotypic Human Inflammatory Skin Models
Authors: JC Chamcheu, S Esnault, VM Adhami, AL Noll, S Banang-Mbe, T Roy, SS Singh, S Huang, KG Kousoulas, H Mukhtar
Cells, 2019-09-15;8(9):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Effect of morphine and a low dose of ketamine on the T cells of patients with refractory cancer pain in vitro
Authors: NB Zhou, KG Wang, ZJ Fu
Oncol Lett, 2019-08-16;18(4):4230-4236.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Stimulation -
89Zr-atezolizumab imaging as a non-invasive approach to assess clinical response to PD-L1 blockade in cancer
Authors: F Bensch, EL van der Ve, MN Lub-de Hoo, A Jorritsma-, R Boellaard, IC Kok, SF Oosting, CP Schröder, TJN Hiltermann, AJ van der We, HJM Groen, TC Kwee, SG Elias, JA Gietema, SS Bohorquez, A de Crespig, SP Williams, C Mancao, AH Brouwers, BM Fine, EGE de Vries
Nat. Med., 2018-11-26;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses after a booster dose of HBV vaccine in HIV-infected children, adolescents and young adults
Authors: V Giacomet, M Masetti, P Nannini, F Forlanini, M Clerici, GV Zuccotti, D Trabattoni
PLoS ONE, 2018-02-14;13(2):e0192638.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Immune cell-derived cytokines contribute to obesity-related inflammation, fibrogenesis and metabolic deregulation in human adipose tissue
Authors: C Caër, C Rouault, T Le Roy, C Poitou, J Aron-Wisne, A Torcivia, JC Bichet, K Clément, M Guerre-Mil, S André
Sci Rep, 2017-06-07;7(1):3000.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Interleukin-10-producing LAG3(+) regulatory T cells are associated with disease activity and abatacept treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S Nakachi, S Sumitomo, Y Tsuchida, H Tsuchiya, M Kono, R Kato, K Sakurai, N Hanata, Y Nagafuchi, S Tateishi, H Kanda, T Okamura, K Yamamoto, K Fujio
Arthritis Res. Ther., 2017-05-16;19(1):97.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
??TCR immunoglobulin constant region domain exchange in human ??TCRs improves TCR pairing without altering TCR gene-modified T cell function
Authors: C Tao, H Shao, W Zhang, H Bo, F Wu, H Shen, S Huang
Mol Med Rep, 2017-02-15;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Direct and indirect effects of immune and central nervous system-resident cells on human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation.
Authors: Moore C, Cui Q, Warsi N, Durafourt B, Zorko N, Owen D, Antel J, Bar-Or A
J Immunol, 2014-12-10;194(2):761-72.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
Applications: Polarization -
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analog TX527 promote a stable regulatory T cell phenotype in T cells from type 1 diabetes patients.
Authors: Van Belle T, Vanherwegen A, Feyaerts D, De Clercq P, Verstuyf A, Korf H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C
PLoS ONE, 2014-10-03;9(10):e109194.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Platelets provoke distinct dynamics of immune responses by differentially regulating CD4+ T-cell proliferation.
Authors: Zhu L, Huang Z, Stalesen R, Hansson G, Li N
J Thromb Haemost, 2014-06-27;12(7):1156-65.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
High avidity CD8+ T cells efficiently eliminate motile HIV-infected targets and execute a locally focused program of anti-viral function.
Authors: Foley M, Forcier T, McAndrew E, Gonzalez M, Chen H, Juelg B, Walker B, Irvine D
PLoS ONE, 2014-02-13;9(2):e87873.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
T cell-derived IL-22 amplifies IL-1beta-driven inflammation in human adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Caer C, Poitou C, Cremer I, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J, Kaveri S, Clement K, Andre S, Guerre-Millo M
Diabetes, 2014-02-11;63(6):1966-77.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization -
Neuropilin-1 expression characterizes T follicular helper (Tfh) cells activated during B cell differentiation in human secondary lymphoid organs.
Authors: Renand A, Milpied P, Rossignol J, Bruneau J, Lemonnier F, Dussiot M, Coulon S, Hermine O
PLoS ONE, 2013-12-30;8(12):e85589.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
A novel data mining system points out hidden relationships between immunological markers in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Gironi, Maira, Saresella, Marina, Rovaris, Marco, Vaghi, Matilde, Nemni, Raffaell, Clerici, Mario, Grossi, Enzo
Immun Ageing, 2013-01-10;10(1):1.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The Th17 cytokine IL-22 induces IL-20 production in keratinocytes: a novel immunological cascade with potential relevance in psoriasis.
Authors: Wolk K, Witte E, Warszawska K, Schulze-Tanzil G, Witte K, Philipp S, Kunz S, Docke WD, Asadullah K, Volk HD, Sterry W, Sabat R
Eur. J. Immunol., 2009-12-01;39(12):3570-81.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Human bronchial intraepithelial T cells produce interferon-gamma and stimulate epithelial cells.
Authors: Hirosako S, Goto E, Fujii K, Tsumori K, Hirata N, Tsumura S, Kamohara H, Kohrogi H
Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2008-11-26;155(2):266-74.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
The association of Sam68 with Vav1 contributes to tumorigenesis.
Authors: Lazer G, Pe'er L, Schapira V, Richard S, Katzav S
Cell. Signal., 2007-08-08;19(12):2479-86.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Overlapping human leukocyte antigen class I/II binding peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with stage IV melanoma: evidence of systemic immune dysfunction.
Authors: Celis E, Celis E
Cancer, 2007-07-01;110(1):203-14.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
The soluble forms of CD28, CD86 and CTLA-4 constitute possible immunological markers in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.
Authors: Sakthivel P, Shively V, Kakoulidou M
J. Intern. Med., 2007-04-01;261(4):399-407.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
Applications: ELISA Development -
Human dendritic cells acquire a semimature phenotype and lymph node homing potential through interaction with CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.
Authors: Bayry J, Triebel F, Kaveri SV, Tough DF
J. Immunol., 2007-04-01;178(7):4184-93.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Suppression of immune responses in collagen-induced arthritis by a rationally designed CD80-binding peptide agent.
Authors: Srinivasan M, Eri R, Zunt SL, Summerlin DJ, Brand DD, Blum JS
Arthritis Rheum., 2007-02-01;56(2):498-508.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Binding Assay -
Effects of specific immunotherapy on the B7 family of costimulatory molecules in allergic inflammation.
Authors: Piconi S, Trabattoni D, Saresella M, Iemoli E, Schenal M, Fusi A, Borelli M, Chen L, Mascheri A, Clerici M
J. Immunol., 2007-02-01;178(3):1931-7.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Autoantibodies against CD28 are associated with atopic diseases.
Authors: Neuber K, Mahnss B, Hubner C, Gergely H, Weichenthal M
Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2006-11-01;146(2):262-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
Applications: Western Blot -
Flow-cytometric analysis of cytokine production in human paracoccidioidomycosis.
Authors: Mamoni RL, Blotta MH
Cytokine, 2006-10-11;35(3):207-16.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Tristetraprolin down-regulates IL-2 gene expression through AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay.
Authors: Ogilvie RL, Abelson M, Hau HH, Vlasova I, Blackshear PJ, Bohjanen PR
J. Immunol., 2005-01-15;174(2):953-61.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues.
Authors: Wolk K, Kunz S, Witte E, Friedrich M, Asadullah K, Sabat R
Immunity, 2004-08-01;21(2):241-54.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Induction of lysosomal and plasma membrane-bound sialidases in human T-cells via T-cell receptor.
Authors: Wang P, Zhang J, Bian H, Wu P, Kuvelkar R, Kung TT, Crawley Y, Egan RW, Billah MM
Biochem. J., 2004-06-01;380(0):425-33.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
HIV-1 Nef binds the DOCK2-ELMO1 complex to activate rac and inhibit lymphocyte chemotaxis.
Authors: Janardhan A, Swigut T, Hill B, Myers MP, Skowronski J
PLoS Biol., 2004-01-20;2(1):E6.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
Cutting edge: immune cells as sources and targets of the IL-10 family members?
Authors: Wolk K, Kunz S, Asadullah K, Sabat R
J. Immunol., 2002-06-01;168(11):5397-402.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Functional Assay -
TOM1L is involved in a novel signaling pathway important for the IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells stimulated by CD3/CD28 co-ligation
Authors: Ahmed Elmarghani, Hanan Abuabaid, Peter Kjellen
Mediators of Inflammation
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Interleukin-25 initiates Th2 differentiation of human CD4(+) T cells and influences expression of its own receptor
Authors: Graeme Bredo, Jessica Storie, Nami Shrestha Palikhe, Courtney Davidson, Alexis Adams, Harissios Vliagoftis et al.
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
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The alarmin interleukin-1? triggers secondary degeneration through reactive astrocytes and endothelium after spinal cord injury
Authors: Bretheau F, Castellanos-Molina A, B�langer D et al.
Nature Communications
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Human beta-defensins 2 and -3 cointernalize with human immunodeficiency virus via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and reduce infectivity of intracellular virions in tonsil epithelial cells
Authors: Rossana Herrera, Michael Morris, Kristina Rosbe, Zhimin Feng, Aaron Weinberg, Sharof Tugizov
Virology
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