BMP Family

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules that comprise a subfamily of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs were originally identified as regulators of cartilage and bone formation. There are at least 20 structurally and functionally related BMPs, most of which play roles in embryogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs. In addition, differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) domain family of BMP antagonists include Cerberus, DAN, Gremlin, PRDC, and Cerberus 1. DAN family members contain a cysteine knot domain that is homologous to that found in other TGF-beta superfamily ligands.