Recombinant Mouse Glypican 3 Protein, CF

Recombinant Mouse Glypican 3 Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Glypican 3

The Glypicans (GPCs) are a small multigene family of GPI-linked proteoglycans that play a key role in growth factor signaling (1 ‑ 4). Glypicans exhibit a 60 ‑ 70 kDa protein core that consists of a globular N‑terminus, 14 conserved cysteines that form multiple intrachain disulfide bonds, and a number of C‑terminal N‑ and O‑linked carbohydrate attachment sites. At least two subfamilies of Glypicans are known (GPC1, 2, 4, and 6 and GPC3 and 5) (1, 5). Mouse Glypican 3 is synthesized as a 579 amino acid (aa) preproprecursor that contains a 24 aa signal sequence, a 535 aa mature segment, and a 20 aa C-terminal prosegment (6 ‑ 8). There are three potential N-linked, and two potential O-linked sites for glycosylation or glycanation. O-linked glycanation utilizes heparan sulfate (HS) and this contributes 60 ‑ 120 kDa to an overall molecular weight of approximately 200 kDa for Glypican 3 (9, 10). Glypican 3 undergoes convertase‑mediated proteolytic processing between Arg357 ‑ Ser358 to generate a disulfide-linked cell-surface heterodimer (9). It may also undergo Notum cleavage of the GPI-anchor to create a soluble circulating form (11, 12). Mature mouse Glypican 3 shares 95% and 99% aa identity with mature human and rat Glypican 3, respectively. Sources for Glypican 3 include liver carcinoma cells plus mesoderm and mesodermal derivatives. Cell types in mice include mesenchyme, prechondrocytes, primitive hematopoietic progenotors, fetal hepatocytes, and pericardium (6, 13). Glypican 3 is best known in human for its association with SGB syndrome, a condition characterized by tissue overgrowth (dysmorphogenesis), potentially through its binding to CD26. Normally, Glypican 3 binds to and down-regulates cell surface CD26.  In the absence of Glypican 3, CD26 promotes cell proliferation, possibly resulting in tissue malformation(s) (14 ‑ 16). Glypican 3 makes use of its both its core protein and HS adduct to impact select growth factor activity. The core protein is known to bind to Wnt and stabilize the Wnt:Frizzled interactions (1, 17, 18). It also binds to hedgehog (HH), serving as a competitive inhibitor for Patched. This results in the internalization and degradation of circulating HH, and it also removes a soluble promoter of Smoothened signaling (1, 19). The HS component of Glypican 3, by contrast, is reported to interact with members of the FGF system, promoting FGF receptor dimerization and signaling (1, 2). Finally, Glypican 3 binds to surface membrane Glut4, facilitating its stabilization and promoting the transport of glucose into the cell (20).

Related Research Areas

• BMP Family
• Cancer Biomarkers
• FGF Family
• Hedgehog Family
• IGF Family
• Proteoglycans
• Proteoglycans and Regulators
• Wnt Family
• Wnt Signaling Modulators