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Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antibody

Catalog #: AF-246-NA
34 Citations 1 Review Datasheet / COA / SDS
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AF-246-NA
AF-246-SP
Detection of Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) by Western Blot.
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Citations (34)
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Summary Data Examples Preparation and Storage Reconstitution Calculator Background Product Datasheets Related Research Areas

Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human LAP TGF‑ beta 1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived and Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human LAP TGF‑ beta 1
Leu30-Ser390
Accession # P01137
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
2 µg/mL
See below
Simple Western
20 µg/mL
See below
Immunocytochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
Immersion fixed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Neutralization
Measured by its ability to neutralize LAP TGF‑ beta 1 inhibition of TGF‑ beta 1 growth inhibition in the HT‑2 mouse T cell line. Tsang, M. et al. (1995) Cytokine 7:389. The Neutralization Dose (ND50) is typically 0.4-2 µg/mL in the presence of 500 ng/mL Recombinant Human LAP TGF‑ beta 1 and 1 ng/mL TGF‑ beta 1.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot Detection of Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) antibody by Western Blot. View Larger

Detection of Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cell line. PVDF membrane was probed with 2 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-246-NA) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF017). A specific band was detected for LAP (TGF-beta 1) at approximately 48 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Immunocytochemistry View Larger

LAP (TGF-beta 1) in Human PBMCs. LAP (TGF-beta 1) was detected in immersion fixed Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Goat Anti-Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-246-NA) at 15 µg/mL for 3 hours at room temperature. Cells were stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (red; NL001) and counterstained with DAPI (blue). Specific staining was localized to cytoplasm. Staining was performed using our protocol for Fluorescent ICC Staining of Non-adherent Cells.

Simple Western Detection of Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) antibody by Simple Western<sup>TM</sup>. View Larger

Detection of Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) by Simple WesternTM. Simple Western lane view shows lysates of K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line and A549 human lung carcinoma cell line, loaded at 0.2 mg/mL. A specific band was detected for LAP (TGF-beta 1) at approximately 61 kDa (as indicated) using 20 µg/mL of Goat Anti-Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-246-NA) followed by 1:50 dilution of HRP-conjugated Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF109). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using the 12-230 kDa separation system.

Neutralization LAP TGF‑ beta 1 Inhibition of TGF‑ beta 1 Activity and Neutralization by Human LAP TGF‑ beta 1 Antibody. View Larger

LAP TGF‑ beta 1 Inhibition of TGF‑ beta 1 Activity and Neutralization by Human LAP TGF‑ beta 1 Antibody. Recombinant Human LAP TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 246-LP) inhibits Recom-binant Human TGF-beta 1 (Catalog # 240-B) growth inhibition activity in the HT-2 mouse T cell line in a dose-dependent manner (orange line). Inhibition of Recom-binant Human TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/mL) activity elicited by Recombin-ant Human LAP TGF-beta 1 (500 ng/mL) is neutralized (green line) by increasing concentrations of Goat Anti-Human LAP TGF-beta 1 Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF-246-NA). The ND50 is typically 0.4-2 µg/mL.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: LAP (TGF-beta 1)

TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) and the closely related TGF-beta 2 and -beta 3 are members of the large TGF-beta  superfamily. TGF‑ beta proteins are highly pleiotropic cytokines that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1‑3). Human TGF-beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (4). A furin-like convertase processes the proprotein within the trans-Golgi to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa (aa 30-278) latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a C-terminal 112 aa mature TGF-beta 1 (aa 279-390) (4‑6). Disulfide-linked homodimers of LAP and TGF-beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex (4‑8). Purified LAP is also capable of associating with active TGF‑ beta with high affinity, and can neutralize TGF-beta activity (9). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (5-7). TGF-beta activation from latency is controlled both spatially and temporally, by multiple pathways that include actions of proteases such as plasmin and MMP9, and/or by thrombospondin 1 or selected integrins (5, 8). The LAP portion of human TGF-beta 1 shares 91%, 92%, 85%, 86% and 88% aa identity with porcine, canine, mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1 LAP, respectively, while mature human TGF-beta 1 portion shares 100% aa identity with porcine, canine and bovine TGF-beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and equine TGF-beta 1. Although different isoforms of TGF-beta are naturally associated with their own distinct LAPs, the TGF-beta 1 LAP is capable of complexing with, and inactivating, all other human TGF-beta isoforms and those of most other species (9). Mutations within the LAP are associated with Camurati-Engelmann disease, a rare sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by inappropriate presence of active TGF‑ beta 1 (10).

References
  1. Dunker, N. & K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
  2. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
  3. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
  4. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
  5. Dabovic, B. and D.B. Rifkin (2008) “TGF-beta Bioavailability” in The TGF-beta Family. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (eds): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, p. 179.
  6. Brunner, A.M. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264:13660.
  7. Miyazono, K. et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10:1091.
  8. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
  9. Miller, D.M. et al. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6:694.
  10. Janssens, K. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:7718.
Long Name
Latency-associated Peptide
Entrez Gene IDs
7040 (Human)
Alternate Names
CED; DPD1; LAP (TGFbeta 1); LAP (TGF-beta 1); LAP; TGFB; TGFB1; TGFbeta; transforming growth factor beta 1

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Citations for Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

34 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Increased angiogenesis in primary myelofibrosis: latent transforming growth factor-beta as a possible angiogenic factor
    Authors: Cesar Cilento Ponce, Maria Maria de Lourdes Lopes Ferrari Chauffaille, Silvia Saiuli Miki Ihara, Maria Regina Regis Silva
    Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia
  2. Regulatory T Cells Promote Overexpression of Lgr5 on Gastric Cancer Cells via TGF-beta1 and Confer Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer
    Authors: Xiao-Sun Liu, Xian-Ke Lin, Ying Mei, Sabir Ahmad, Chong-Xian Yan, Hai-Long Jin et al.
    Frontiers in Immunology
  3. CRISPRi-mediated functional analysis of lung disease-associated loci at non-coding regions
    Authors: William D Stuart, Minzhe Guo, Iris M Fink-Baldauf, Alan M Coleman, John P Clancy, Marcus A Mall et al.
    NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics
  4. LAP+CD4+ T cells are elevated among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor tissue of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
    Authors: Xi Ou, Jing Guan, Jing‑Sen Chen, Jie‑Cao Ying, Xiao‑Ping Liu, Pei‑Kai Tian et al.
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
  5. Adipose tissue specific CCL18 associates with cardiometabolic diseases in non-obese individuals implicating CD4+ T cells
    Authors: N Subramania, K Hofwimmer, B Tavira, L Massier, DP Andersson, P Arner, J Laurenciki
    Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2023-04-12;22(1):84.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Neutralization
  6. Heme stimulates platelet mitochondrial oxidant production to induce targeted granule secretion
    Authors: GK Annarapu, D Nolfi-Done, M Reynolds, Y Wang, L Kohut, B Zuckerbrau, S Shiva
    Redox Biology, 2021-12-05;48(0):102205.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Dot Blot
  7. Excessive exosome release is the pathogenic pathway linking a lysosomal deficiency to generalized fibrosis
    Authors: D van de Vle, J Demmers, XX Nguyen, Y Campos, E Machado, I Annunziata, H Hu, E Gomero, X Qiu, A Bongiovann, CA Feghali-Bo, A d'Azzo
    Sci Adv, 2019-07-17;5(7):eaav3270.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Exosomes
    Applications: Western Blot
  8. Immune cell expression of TGF?1 in cancer with lymphoid stroma: dendritic cell and regulatory T cell contact
    Authors: H Ohtani, T Terashima, E Sato
    Virchows Arch., 2018-03-28;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: IHC-P
  9. Multicolor quantitative confocal imaging cytometry
    Authors: DL Coutu, KD Kokkaliari, L Kunz, T Schroeder
    Nat. Methods, 2017-11-13;15(1):39-46.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  10. Cutting Edge: ERK1 Mediates the Autocrine Positive Feedback Loop of TGF-? and Furin in Glioma-Initiating Cells
    Authors: E Ventura, M Weller, I Burghardt
    J. Immunol., 2017-05-08;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  11. The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts: Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration
    Authors: O Miroshnych, WT Chang, JL Dragoo
    Am J Sports Med, 2016-12-27;45(4):945-953.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  12. MicroRNA-21 preserves the fibrotic mechanical memory of mesenchymal stem cells
    Authors: Boris Hinz
    Nat Mater, 2016-10-31;0(0):.
    Species: Rat
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  13. Identification of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) as an instructive factor for human epidermal Langerhans cell differentiation.
    Authors: Yasmin N, Bauer T, Modak M, Wagner K, Schuster C, Koffel R, Seyerl M, Stockl J, Elbe-Burger A, Graf D, Strobl H
    J Exp Med, 2013-11-04;210(12):2597-610.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-Fr
  14. Secretome and degradome profiling shows that Kallikrein-related peptidases 4, 5, 6, and 7 induce TGFbeta-1 signaling in ovarian cancer cells.
    Authors: Shahinian H, Loessner D, Biniossek M, Kizhakkedathu J, Clements J, Magdolen V, Schilling O
    Mol Oncol, 2013-10-01;8(1):68-82.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC, Western Blot
  15. Identification of the thiol isomerase-binding peptide, mastoparan, as a novel inhibitor of shear-induced transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) activation.
    Authors: Brophy T, Coller B, Ahamed J
    J Biol Chem, 2013-03-05;288(15):10628-39.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  16. TGF-beta mediates homing of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells to glioma stem cells.
    Authors: Shinojima N, Hossain A, Takezaki T, Fueyo J, Gumin J, Gao F, Nwajei F, Marini F, Andreeff M, Kuratsu J, Lang F
    Cancer Res, 2013-01-30;73(7):2333-44.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  17. Nonmyelinating Schwann cells maintain hematopoietic stem cell hibernation in the bone marrow niche.
    Authors: Yamazaki S, Ema H, Karlsson G, Yamaguchi T, Miyoshi H, Shioda S, Taketo MM, Karlsson S, Iwama A, Nakauchi H
    Cell, 2011-11-23;147(5):1146-58.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: ICC
  18. Diverse functions of reactive cysteines facilitate unique biosynthetic processes of aggregate-prone interleukin-31.
    Authors: Shen M, Siu S, Byrd S, Edelmann KH, Patel N, Ketchem RR, Mehlin C, Arnett HA, Hasegawa H
    Exp. Cell Res., 2010-12-21;317(7):976-93.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  19. Human pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) has a potential role in placental vascular morphogenesis.
    Authors: Ha CT, Wu JA, Irmak S, Lisboa FA, Dizon AM, Warren JW, Ergun S, Dveksler GS
    Biol. Reprod., 2010-03-24;83(1):27-35.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  20. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in hypertensive remodeling of porcine aorta.
    Authors: Popovic N, Bridenbaugh EA, Neiger JD, Hu JJ, Vannucci M, Mo Q, Trzeciakowski J, Miller MW, Fossum TW, Humphrey JD, Wilson E
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2009-08-28;297(6):H2044-53.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  21. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in primary airway epithelial cells from patients with asthma by transforming growth factor-beta1.
    Authors: Hackett TL, Warner SM, Stefanowicz D, Shaheen F, Pechkovsky DV, Murray LA, Argentieri R, Kicic A, Stick SM, Bai TR, Knight DA
    Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2009-04-30;180(2):122-33.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  22. Transglutaminase 2 limits murine peritoneal acute gout-like inflammation by regulating macrophage clearance of apoptotic neutrophils.
    Authors: Rose DM, Sydlaske AD, Agha-Babakhani A, Johnson K, Terkeltaub R
    Arthritis Rheum., 2006-10-01;54(10):3363-71.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Neutralization
  23. Compromised lymphocytes infiltrate hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of T-regulatory cells.
    Authors: Unitt E, Rushbrook SM, Marshall A, Davies S, Gibbs P, Morris LS, Coleman N, Alexander GJ
    Hepatology, 2005-04-01;41(4):722-30.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P
  24. Cord blood CD4(+)CD25(+)-derived T regulatory cell lines express FoxP3 protein and manifest potent suppressor function.
    Authors: Godfrey WR, Spoden DJ, Ge YG, Baker SR, Liu B, Levine BL, June CH, Blazar BR, Porter SB
    Blood, 2004-09-16;105(2):750-8.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Neutralization
  25. Myofibroblast contraction activates latent TGF-beta1 from the extracellular matrix
    Authors: Pierre-Jean Wipff, Daniel B. Rifkin, Jean-Jacques Meister, Boris Hinz
    The Journal of Cell Biology
  26. Anti-androgen flutamide suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated induction of transforming growth factor-beta 1
    Authors: D C Koch, H S Jang, E F O'Donnell, S Punj, P R Kopparapu, W H Bisson et al.
    Oncogene
  27. Sequestration of latent TGF-beta binding protein 1 into CADASIL-related Notch3-ECD deposits
    Authors: Jessica Kast, Patrizia Hanecker, Nathalie Beaufort, Armin Giese, Anne Joutel, Martin Dichgans et al.
    Acta Neuropathologica Communications
  28. Identification of metabolism-associated genes and construction of a prognostic signature in bladder cancer
    Authors: C Shen, J Liu, L Wang, Z Liang, H Niu, Y Wang
    Cancer Cell International, 2020-11-04;20(1):538.
  29. Endothelial matrix assembly during capillary morphogenesis: insights from chimeric TagRFP-fibronectin matrix
    Authors: Fumin Chang, Christopher A. Lemmon, Voraphoj Nilaratanakul, Varda Rotter, Lewis Romer
    Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
  30. Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography Co-Purifies TGF-beta 1 with Histidine-Tagged Recombinant Extracellular Proteins
    Authors: Jasvir Kaur, Dieter P. Reinhardt
    PLoS ONE
  31. B lymphocytes and B-cell activating factor promote collagen and profibrotic markers expression by dermal fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis
    Authors: Antoine François, Emmanuel Chatelus, Dominique Wachsmann, Jean Sibilia, Seiamak Bahram, Ghada Alsaleh et al.
    Arthritis Research & Therapy
  32. Is sex a biological variable in corneal wound healing?
    Authors: Ratnakar Tripathi, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, Hannah B. Gafen, Suneel Gupta, Lynn M. Martin, Prashant R. Sinha et al.
    Experimental Eye Research
  33. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta restores endothelial thromboresistance in vein grafts
    Authors: Navin K. Kapur, Ce Bian, Edward Lin, Clayton B. Deming, Jason L. Sperry, Baranda S. Hansen et al.
    Journal of Vascular Surgery
  34. Fibrillin-1 regulates the bioavailability of TGFbeta1
    Authors: Shazia S. Chaudhry, Stuart A. Cain, Amanda Morgan, Sarah L. Dallas, C. Adrian Shuttleworth, Cay M. Kielty
    The Journal of Cell Biology

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Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antibody
By Anonymous on 01/27/2021
Application: WB Sample Tested: Pancreatic cancer cells Species: Human
Western Blot Human LAP (TGF-beta 1) Antibody AF-246-NA