Human Dystroglycan Antibody

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
AF6868
AF6868-SP
Detection of Human Dystroglycan by Western Blot.
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Product Details
Citations (23)
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Human Dystroglycan Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human Dystroglycan in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Source
Polyclonal Sheep IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Dystroglycan
Gln28-Val749
Accession # Q14118
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied either lyophilized or as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.
Label
Unconjugated

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Western Blot
1 µg/mL
See below
Immunohistochemistry
5-15 µg/mL
See below
Knockout Validated
Dystroglycan is specifically detected in HEK293T human embryonic kidney parental cell line but is not detectable in Dystroglycan knockout HEK293T cell line.
 

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Scientific Data

Western Blot Detection of Human Dystroglycan antibody by Western Blot. View Larger

Detection of Human Dystroglycan by Western Blot. Western blot shows lysates of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, human muscle tissue, and human placenta tissue. PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human Dystroglycan Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF6868) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). Specific bands were detected for a-Dystroglycan at approximately 100-160 kDa (as indicated) and beta -Dystroglycan at approximately 42-44 kDa (as indicated). This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Immunohistochemistry Dystroglycan antibody in Human Skeletal Muscle by Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P). View Larger

Dystroglycan in Human Skeletal Muscle. Dystroglycan was detected in immersion fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human skeletal muscle using Sheep Anti-Human Dystroglycan Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF6868) at 3 µg/mL overnight at 4 °C. Before incubation with the primary antibody, tissue was subjected to heat-induced epitope retrieval using Antigen Retrieval Reagent-Basic (Catalog # CTS013). Tissue was stained using the Anti-Sheep HRP-DAB Cell & Tissue Staining Kit (brown; Catalog # CTS019) and counterstained with hematoxylin (blue). Specific staining was localized to basement membrane. View our protocol for Chromogenic IHC Staining of Paraffin-embedded Tissue Sections.

Knockout Validated Western Blot Shows Human Dystroglycan Antibody Specificity by Using Knockout Cell Line. View Larger

Western Blot Shows Human Dystroglycan Specificity by Using Knockout Cell Line. Western blot shows lysates of HEK293T human embryonic kidney parental cell line and Dystroglycan knockout HEK293T cell line (KO). PVDF membrane was probed with 1 µg/mL of Sheep Anti-Human Dystroglycan Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF6868) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF016). Specific bands were detected for a--Dystroglycan at approximately 110 kDa -and beta -Dystroglycan at approximately 42 kDa (as indicated) in the parental HEK293T cell line, but is not detectable in knockout HEK293T cell line. GAPDH (Catalog # AF5718) is shown as a loading control. This experiment was conducted under reducing conditions and using Immunoblot Buffer Group 1.

Western Blot Detection of Human Dystroglycan by Western Blot View Larger

Detection of Human Dystroglycan by Western Blot Hit compound 4BPPNit validation in the FKRP dystroglycanopathy human iPSC modelsFKRP‐NSCs treated with 4BPPNit showed increased IIH6 reactivity, compared with untreated control cells. Note that the augmented IIH6 reactivity by 4BPPNit is much weaker than that in CRISPR‐corrected‐NSCs. Under the same exposure time, the signal intensity of IIH6 reactivity is saturated in corrected‐NSCs.Representative immunoblots with the IIH6 antibody using FKRP‐ and corrected‐NSCs treated with 4BPPNit for 24, 48, and 72 h, and DMSO only controls.Quantification of alpha ‐dystroglycan glycosylation (IIH6), compared with DMSO only controls.Representative immunoblots of laminin‐binding analysis using FKRP‐ and corrected‐NSCs treated with 4BPPNit and DMSO only controls.Quantification of laminin‐binding activities, compared with DMSO only controls.Representative immunoblots with the AF6868 antibody detecting both alpha ‐dystroglycan core protein and beta ‐dystroglycan in FKRP‐ and corrected‐NSCs treated with 4BPPNit and DMSO only controls.Quantification of alpha ‐dystroglycan core protein and beta ‐dystroglycan expression, compared with DMSO only controls.Data information: Intensities of glycosylation, laminin‐binding activity, or protein expression are normalized to GAPDH protein expression. Note that the left and right panels of the immunoblots in (B) and (D) are not equivalent exposure time. See also Appendix Fig S5. Values indicate mean ± s.d. (n = 3 or 4 biological replicates; one‐way ANOVA; NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01). Image collected and cropped by CiteAb from the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566294), licensed under a CC-BY license. Not internally tested by R&D Systems.

Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/mL.
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Shipping
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient temperature. Liquid small pack size (-SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Dystroglycan

Dystroglycan, also DAG-1 (Dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1) is a 180-200 kDa heterodimeric adhesion molecule that links the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. It is found on skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, fibroblasts, smooth muscle and keratinocytes. DAG-1 binds multiple matrix molecules, including laminin-1 and -2, agrin, and perlecan. Intracellularly, the cytoplasmic tail of DAG-1 contributes to a large 400 kDa complex that interacts with the cytoskeleton. The human DAG-1 preprocursor is a type I transmembrane protein 895 amino acids (aa) in length. It contains a 27 aa signal sequence plus an 868 aa proform that undergoes autocatalysis to generate a 626 aa alpha -chain (aa 28-653), and a 242 aa beta -chain. Mature DAG-1 is a heterodimer composed of noncovalently linked alpha ‑ and beta ‑chains. The alpha -chain possesses one potential Ig-like domain (aa 64-162), a mucin-like region (aa 316-485), and a peptidase S72 domain (aa 500-733). It is O‑glycosylated and runs from 100-160 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The beta -chain is N-glycosylated and runs at 42-44 kDa in SDS-Page. It possesses a short 95 aa extracellular region (aa 654-749) plus a 120 aa cytoplasmic domain (aa 776-895). Membrane cleavage of the beta -chain causes dissociation of the heterodimer and generates a 30 kDa truncated form. Over aa 28-749, human DAG-1 shares 93% aa identity with mouse DAG-1.

Long Name
Dystrophin-associated Glycoprotein 1
Entrez Gene IDs
1605 (Human); 13138 (Mouse); 114489 (Rat)
Alternate Names
A3a; AGRNR; DAG1; Dag-1; DAG156DAG; dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1); Dystroglycan; Dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1

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Citations for Human Dystroglycan Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

23 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. POMK regulates dystroglycan function via LARGE1-mediated elongation of matriglycan
    Authors: Walimbe AS, Okuma H, Joseph S et al.
    eLife
  2. Identification of Matriglycan by Dual Exoglycosidase Digestion of alpha -Dystroglycan
    Authors: Ishita Chandel, Kevin P. Campbell
    Bio Protoc
  3. TIM-1 Mediates Dystroglycan-Independent Entry of Lassa Virus
    Authors: Rachel B. Brouillette, Elisabeth K. Phillips, Radhika Patel, Wadie Mahauad-Fernandez, Sven Moller-Tank, Kai J. Rogers et al.
    Journal of Virology
  4. Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I: No correlation between clinical severity, histopathology and glycosylated alpha -dystroglycan levels in patients homozygous for common FKRP mutation
    Authors: Maisoon Alhamidi, Vigdis Brox, Eva Stensland, Merete Liset, Sigurd Lindal, Øivind Nilssen
    Neuromuscular Disorders
  5. Large1 gene transfer in older myd mice with severe muscular dystrophy restores muscle function and greatly improves survival
    Authors: Takahiro Yonekawa, Adam J. Rauckhorst, Sara El-Hattab, Marco A. Cuellar, David Venzke, Mary E. Anderson et al.
    Science Advances
  6. Micro-laminin gene therapy can function as an inhibitor of muscle disease in the dy(W) mouse model of MDC1A
    Authors: Packer D, Martin PT.
    Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev
  7. Clinical, genetic, and pathologic characterization of FKRP Mexican founder mutation c.1387A>G
    Authors: Angela J. Lee, Karra A. Jones, Russell J. Butterfield, Mary O. Cox, Chamindra G. Konersman, Carla Grosmann et al.
    Neurology Genetics
  8. Deep mutational scanning reveals functional constraints and antigenic variability of Lassa virus glycoprotein complex
    Authors: Carr, CR;Crawford, KHD;Murphy, M;Galloway, JG;Haddox, HK;Matsen, FA;Andersen, KG;King, NP;Bloom, JD;
    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Cells, Transfected Whole Cells
    Applications: Flow Cytometry
  9. CRISPR-Cas9 KO Cell Line Generation and Development of a Cell-Based Potency Assay for rAAV-FKRP Gene Therapy
    Authors: Geoffroy, M;Pili, L;Buffa, V;Caroff, M;Bigot, A;Gicquel, E;Rouby, G;Richard, I;Fragnoud, R;
    Cells
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  10. Impact of Hypermannosylation on the Structure and Functionality of the ER and the Golgi Complex
    Authors: P Franzka, SC Schüler, T Kentache, R Storm, A Bock, I Katona, J Weis, K Buder, C Kaether, CA Hübner
    Biomedicines, 2023-01-06;11(1):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysate
    Applications: Western Blot
  11. Cancer Malignancy Is Correlated with Upregulation of PCYT2-Mediated Glycerol Phosphate Modification of alpha-Dystroglycan
    Authors: F Umezawa, M Natsume, S Fukusada, K Nakajima, F Yamasaki, H Kawashima, CW Kuo, KH Khoo, T Shimura, H Yagi, K Kato
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-06-15;23(12):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  12. Short-term treatment of golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs with rAAVrh74.MHCK7.GALGT2 induces muscle glycosylation and utrophin expression but has no significant effect on muscle strength
    Authors: PT Martin, DA Zygmunt, A Ashbrook, S Hamilton, D Packer, SM Birch, AK Bettis, CJ Balog-Alva, LJ Guo, PP Nghiem, JN Kornegay
    PLoS ONE, 2021-03-26;16(3):e0248721.
    Species: Canine
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC
  13. POMK regulates dystroglycan function via LARGE1-mediated elongation of matriglycan
    Authors: Walimbe AS, Okuma H, Joseph S et al.
    eLife
  14. Ribitol enhances matriglycan of &alpha-dystroglycan in breast cancer cells without affecting cell growth
    Authors: PJ Lu, JD Tucker, EK Branch, F Guo, AR Blaeser, QL Lu
    Sci Rep, 2020-03-18;10(1):4935.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  15. biAb Mediated Restoration of the Linkage between Dystroglycan and Laminin-211 as a Therapeutic Approach for alpha-Dystroglycanopathies
    Authors: N Gumlaw, LM Sevigny, H Zhao, Z Luo, DS Bangari, E Masterjohn, Y Chen, B McDonald, M Magnay, T Travaline, T Yoshida-Mo, W Fan, D Reczek, JE Stefano, H Qiu, C Beil, C Lange, E Rao, M Lukason, E Barry, WH Brondyk, Y Zhu, SH Cheng
    Mol. Ther., 2019-12-06;0(0):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Western Blot
  16. Ribitol restores functionally glycosylated ?-dystroglycan and improves muscle function in dystrophic FKRP-mutant mice
    Authors: MP Cataldi, P Lu, A Blaeser, QL Lu
    Nat Commun, 2018-08-27;9(1):3448.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
    Applications: Western Blot
  17. Structural basis of laminin binding to the LARGE glycans on dystroglycan
    Nat Chem Biol, 2016-08-15;0(0):.
    Species: Rabbit
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  18. N-terminal domain on dystroglycan enables LARGE1 to extend matriglycan on alpha -dystroglycan and prevents muscular dystrophy
    Authors: Hidehiko Okuma, Jeffrey M Hord, Ishita Chandel, David Venzke, Mary E Anderson, Ameya S Walimbe et al.
    eLife
  19. A new patient‐derived iPSC model for dystroglycanopathies validates a compound that increases glycosylation of alpha ‐dystroglycan
    Authors: Jihee Kim, Beatrice Lana, Silvia Torelli, David Ryan, Francesco Catapano, Pierpaolo Ala et al.
    EMBO reports
  20. Structure of protein O-mannose kinase reveals a unique active site architecture
    Authors: Qinyu Zhu, David Venzke, Ameya S Walimbe, Mary E Anderson, Qiuyu Fu, Lisa N Kinch et al.
    eLife
  21. Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy in a Family of Labrador Retrievers with a LARGE 1 Mutation
    Authors: G. Diane Shelton, Katie M. Minor, Ling T. Guo, Steven G. Friedenberg, Jonah N. Cullen, Jeffrey M. Hord et al.
    Neuromuscular Disorders
  22. Tandem duplication within the DMD gene in Labrador retrievers with a mild clinical phenotype
    Authors: G. Diane Shelton, Katie M. Minor, Natassia M. Vieira, Louis M. Kunkel, Steven G. Friedenberg, Jonah N. Cullen et al.
    Neuromuscular Disorders
  23. NAD+ enhances ribitol and ribose rescue of alpha -dystroglycan functional glycosylation in human FKRP-mutant myotubes
    Authors: Carolina Ortiz-Cordero, Alessandro Magli, Neha R Dhoke, Taylor Kuebler, Sridhar Selvaraj, Nelio AJ Oliveira et al.
    eLife

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