Human CTLA-4 Alexa Fluor® 350-conjugated Antibody

Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody
Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
FAB3252U-100UG
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Human CTLA-4 Alexa Fluor® 350-conjugated Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human CTLA-4 in direct ELISAs.
Source
Recombinant Monoclonal Rabbit IgG Clone # 2188A
Purification
Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant
Immunogen
Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-derived recombinant human CTLA-4
Ala37-Phe162
Accession # P16410
Formulation
Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.
Label
Alexa Fluor 350 (Excitation= 346 nm, Emission= 442 nm)

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Flow Cytometry
0.2-1 µg/106 cells
NS0 mouse myeloma cell line transfected with human CTLA-4 and eGFP

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

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Preparation and Storage

Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Protect from light. Do not freeze.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.

Background: CTLA-4

CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein‑4, designated CD152), is a type I transmembrane T cell inhibitory molecule that is a member of the Ig superfamily (1, 2). Human or mouse CTLA-4 cDNA encodes 223 amino acids (aa) including a 35 aa signal sequence, a 126 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with one Ig-like V-type domain, a 21 aa transmembrane (TM) sequence, and a 41 aa cytoplasmic sequence. It is found as a covalent homodimer of 41-43 kDa (2) Within the ECD, human CTLA-4 shares 68%, 71% and 83‑86% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat and porcine/bovine/rabbit/feline/canine CTLA-4, respectively. A 174 aa form that lacks TM and cytoplasmic sequences (sCTLA-4) is possibly secreted (3-5). Isoforms of 56-79 aa that mainly contain parts of the cytoplasmic domain are reported. In mouse, an isoform lacking the Ig-like domain has ligand-independent inhibitory activity and is termed liCTLA-4 (6). CD28, which is structurally related to CTLA-4, is constitutively expressed on naïve T cells and promotes T cell activation when engaged by B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells (APC) within the immunological synapse (IS) (1, 7, 8). In contrast, CTLA-4 is recruited from intracellular vesicles to the IS beginning 1-2 days after T cell activation (2, 7, 8). It forms a linear lattice with B7-1 on APC, inducing negative regulatory signals and ending T cell activation (9). Abatacept, a therapeutic human CTLA-4-Ig fusion protein (trade name Orencia), competes with CD28 for B7-1 and B7-2 binding and has been used to antagonize T cell activation in autoimmune conditions and to enhance transplant survival (10). Mice deleted for CTLA-4 show no abnormalities until after birth, but then develop lethal autoimmune reactions due to continued T cell activation and poor control by regulatory T cells, which constitutively express CTLA-4 in wild-type mice and humans (11-13).

References
  1. Harper, K. et al. (1991) J. Immunol. 147:1037.
  2. Teft, W.A. et al. (2006) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 24:65.
  3. Magistrelli, G. et al. (1999) Eur. J. Immunol. 29:3596.
  4. Tector, M. et al. (2009) BMC Immunol. 10:51.
  5. Oaks, M.K. and K.M. Hallett (2000) J. Immunol. 164:5015.
  6. Vijayakrishnan, L. et al. (2004) Immunity 20:563.
  7. Pentcheva-Hoang, T. et al. (2004) Immunity 21:401.
  8. Jansson, A. et al. (2005) J. Immunol 175:1575.
  9. Darlington, P.J. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:996.
  10. Platt, A.M. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:1558.
  11. Wing, K. et al. (2008) Science 322:271.
  12. Friedline, R.H. et al. (2009) J. Exp. Med. 206:421.
  13. Jain, N. et al. (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107:1524.
Long Name
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated Molecule 4
Entrez Gene IDs
1493 (Human); 12477 (Mouse); 403696 (Canine); 102115124 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names
CD; CD152 antigen; CD152; CD152IDDM12; CD28; celiac disease 3; CELIAC3; CTLA4; CTLA-4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-4; GRD4; GSE; ICOS; ligand and transmembrane spliced cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4

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Product Specific Notices


This product is provided under an agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and R&D Systems, Inc, and the manufacture, use, sale or import of this product is subject to one or more US patents and corresponding non-US equivalents, owned by Life Technologies Corporation and its affiliates. The purchase of this product conveys to the buyer the non-transferable right to use the purchased amount of the product and components of the product only in research conducted by the buyer (whether the buyer is an academic or for-profit entity). The sale of this product is expressly conditioned on the buyer not using the product or its components (1) in manufacturing; (2) to provide a service, information, or data to an unaffiliated third party for payment; (3) for therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic purposes; (4) to resell, sell, or otherwise transfer this product or its components to any third party, or for any other commercial purpose. Life Technologies Corporation will not assert a claim against the buyer of the infringement of the above patents based on the manufacture, use or sale of a commercial product developed in research by the buyer in which this product or its components was employed, provided that neither this product nor any of its components was used in the manufacture of such product. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than research, contact Life Technologies Corporation, Cell Analysis Business Unit, Business Development, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, Tel: (541) 465-8300. Fax: (541) 335-0354.

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