Simple Plex Control for Human/Mouse/Rat TGF-beta 1
Simple Plex Control for Human/Mouse/Rat TGF-beta 1 Summary
Specifications
• Reconstituted controls are stable for up to 6 months from date of preparation when stored at ≤ -70 °C. Storage at -20° C is not recommended.
• Individual frozen aliquots of low and high controls are designed as single-use entities. Thaw directly before use and discard any remaining volume.
Product Datasheets
Background: TGF-beta 1
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1, 2, and 3 (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and TGF-beta 3) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that virtually all cell types secrete. TGF-beta molecules are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Targeted deletions of these genes in mice show that each TGF-beta isoform has some non-redundant functions: TGF-beta 1 is involved in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation; TGF-beta 2 affects development of cardiac, lung, craniofacial, limb, eye, ear, and urogenital systems; and TGF-beta 3 influences palatogenesis and pulmonary development. The full range of in vitro biological activities of TGF-beta 5 has not yet been explored. However, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, and TGF-beta 5 have been found to be largely interchangeable in an inhibitory bioassay, and it is anticipated that TGF-beta 5 will show a spectrum of activities similar to the other TGF-beta family members. To date, the production of TGF-beta 5 has only been demonstrated in Xenopus.
TGF-beta ligands are initially synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo proteolytic cleavage. The mature segments form active ligand dimers via a disulfide-rich core consisting of the characteristic 'cysteine knot'. TGF-beta signaling begins with binding to a complex of the accessory receptor betaglycan (also known as TGF-beta RIII) and a type II serine/threonine kinase receptor termed TGF-beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, either ALK-1 or TGF-beta RI (also called ALK-5). The activated type I receptor phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription. Use of other signaling pathways that are Smad-independent allows for distinct actions observed in response to TGF-beta in different contexts.
FAQs
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Why are RD5P and SD21 diluents included on the TGF-beta 1 control CoA?
RD5P (diluted to 1X) should be used for preparation of high and low controls per the Simple Plex Control Insert. SD21 should be used for standard curve preparation or for spiking samples. Storage stability of TGF-beta 1 in SD21 has not been evaluated, so it is recommended to always use freshly reconstituted TGF-beta 1 for preparations requiring SD21.
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