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Recombinant Porcine GM-CSF Protein

Catalog #: 711-PG
21 Citations Datasheet / COA / SDS

Carrier Free

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711-PG-010/CF

With Carrier

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711-PG-010
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Citations (21)
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Recombinant Porcine GM-CSF Protein Summary

Product Specifications

Purity
>97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T. et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol. 140:323. The ED50 for this effect is typically 0.6-3.8 ng/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived porcine GM-CSF protein
Ala18-Lys144
Accession #
Q29118
N-terminal Sequence
Analysis
Ala18
Predicted Molecular Mass
14.4 kDa

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711-PG (with carrier)

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711-PG/CF (carrier free)

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Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

711-PG

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 10 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

711-PG/CF

Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS.
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS.
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 3 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Reconstitution Calculator

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

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Background: GM-CSF

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3-5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha -helices (8-10). Mature porcine GM-CSF shares 61%-72% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, human, and rat GM-CSF and 53% with mouse GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (13). The activity of GM-CSF is species specific between human and mouse (14).

References
  1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.
  2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509. 
  3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163. 
  4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362. 
  5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405. 
  6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148. 
  7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.
  8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.
  9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.
  10. Inumaro, S. and H. Takamatsu (1995) Immunol. Cell Biol. 73:474.
  11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.
  12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.
  13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.
  14. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.
Long Name
Granulocyte Macrophage Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs
1437 (Human); 12981 (Mouse); 116630 (Rat); 397208 (Porcine); 403923 (Canine); 493805 (Feline)
Alternate Names
colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); Colony-stimulating factor; CSF; CSF2; CSF-2; GMCSF; GM-CSF; GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; MGC131935; MGC138897; Molgramostim; molgramostin; Sargramostim

Citations for Recombinant Porcine GM-CSF Protein

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

21 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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  1. Encapsulated Streptococcus suis impairs optimal neutrophil functions which are not rescued by priming with colony-stimulating factors
    Authors: Bleuzé, M;Lavoie, JP;Bédard, C;Gottschalk, M;Segura, M;
    PloS one
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  2. Evaluation of the Effect of Inactivated Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Vaccine with Nano Silicon on the Phenotype and Function of Porcine Dendritic Cells
    Authors: L Zheng, F Zhao, J Ru, L Liu, Z Wang, N Wang, X Shu, Z Wei, H Guo
    Viruses, 2021-10-26;13(11):.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  3. Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
    Authors: B Hamid, J Schlosser-, L Bechtold, F Ebner, S Rausch, S Hartmann
    Microorganisms, 2021-08-28;9(9):.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  4. Epigenetic Modulation of TLR4 Expression by Sulforaphane Increases Anti-Inflammatory Capacity in Porcine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
    Authors: X Qu, C Neuhoff, MU Cinar, M Pröll, E Tholen, D Tesfaye, M Hölker, K Schellande, MJ Uddin
    Biology, 2021-05-31;10(6):.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  5. Lactobacillus johnsonii activates porcine monocyte derived dendritic cells maturation to modulate Th cellular immune response
    Authors: D Zheng, Z Wang, L Sui, Y Xu, L Wang, X Qiao, W Cui, Y Jiang, H Zhou, L Tang, Y Li
    Cytokine, 2021-05-22;144(0):155581.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. Differential immunomodulation of porcine bone marrow derived dendritic cells by E. coli Nissle 1917 and beta-glucans
    Authors: M Geervliet, LCP Lute, CA Jansen, VPMG Rutten, HFJ Savelkoul, E Tijhaar
    PLoS ONE, 2020-06-19;15(6):e0233773.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Heterogeneity of porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induced by GM-CSF
    Authors: SE Kim, JH Hwang, YK Kim, HT Lee
    PLoS ONE, 2019-11-05;14(11):e0223590.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  8. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of porcine MDM response to FSL-1 stimulation
    Authors: L Zhou, L Wang, W Zhao, S Ren, F Tu, Y Fu, B Li, X Wang, X Fang
    Microb. Pathog., 2019-11-02;138(0):103830.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  9. Characterization of the attachment and infection by Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 isolates in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
    Authors: YL Li, L Darwich, E Mateu
    Vet. Microbiol., 2018-08-11;223(0):181-188.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  10. Infection of monocytes with European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) strain Lena is significantly enhanced by dexamethasone and IL-10
    Authors: H Singleton, SP Graham, JP Frossard, KB Bodman-Smi, F Steinbach
    Virology, 2018-03-02;0(0):.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  11. Interaction of porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells with African swine fever viruses of diverse virulence
    Authors: G Franzoni, SP Graham, G Sanna, P Angioi, MS Fiori, A Anfossi, M Amadori, S Dei Giudic, A Oggiano
    Vet. Microbiol., 2018-02-18;216(0):190-197.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
    Applications: Differentiation, Differentiation
  12. Innate immune responses induced by the saponin adjuvant Matrix-M in specific pathogen free pigs
    Authors: V Ahlberg, B Hjertner, P Wallgren, S Hellman, K Lövgren Be, C Fossum
    Vet. Res., 2017-05-22;48(1):30.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  13. Porcine Dendritic Cells as an In Vitro Model to Assess the Immunological Behaviour of Streptococcus suis Subunit Vaccine Formulations and the Polarizing Effect of Adjuvants
    Authors: L Martelet, S Lacouture, G Goyette-De, G Beauchamp, C Surprenant, M Gottschalk, M Segura
    Pathogens, 2017-03-22;6(1):.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  14. Generation of potent porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) by modified culture protocol
    Authors: Sanipa Suradhat
    Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2016-10-13;182(0):63-68.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  15. The 15N and 46R Residues of Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Enhance Regulatory T Lymphocytes Proliferation.
    Authors: Fan B, Liu X, Bai J, Li Y, Zhang Q, Jiang P
    PLoS ONE, 2015-09-23;10(9):e0138772.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  16. PRRSV-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells express high levels of SLA-DR and CD80/86 but do not stimulate PRRSV-naive regulatory T cells to proliferate.
    Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez I, Kaser T, Gomez-Laguna J, Lamp B, Sinn L, Rumenapf T, Carrasco L, Saalmuller A, Gerner W
    Vet Res, 2015-05-20;46(0):54.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  17. Sulforaphane epigenetically regulates innate immune responses of porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells induced with lipopolysaccharide.
    Authors: Qu X, Proll M, Neuhoff C, Zhang R, Cinar M, Hossain M, Tesfaye D, Grosse-Brinkhaus C, Salilew-Wondim D, Tholen E, Looft C, Holker M, Schellander K, Uddin M
    PLoS ONE, 2015-03-20;10(3):e0121574.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  18. In vivo tracking and immunological properties of pulsed porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
    Authors: Crisci E, Fraile L, Novellas R, Espada Y, Cabezon R, Martinez J, Cordoba L, Barcena J, Benitez-Ribas D, Montoya M
    Mol Immunol, 2014-10-01;63(2):343-54.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  19. The response of porcine monocyte derived macrophages and dendritic cells to Salmonella Typhimurium and lipopolysaccharide.
    Authors: Kyrova, Kamila, Stepanova, Hana, Rychlik, Ivan, Polansky, Ondrej, Leva, Lenka, Sekelova, Zuzana, Faldyna, Martin, Volf, Jiri
    BMC Vet Res, 2014-10-01;10(0):244.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  20. Proliferation-stimulating effect of colony stimulating factor 2 on porcine trophectoderm cells is mediated by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
    Authors: Jeong W, Kim J, Bazer F, Song G
    PLoS ONE, 2014-02-10;9(2):e88731.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  21. Inhibition of microglia multinucleated giant cell formation and induction of differentiation by GM-CSF using a porcine in vitro model.
    Authors: Tambuyzer BR, Nouwen EJ
    Cytokine, 2005-08-21;31(4):270-9.
    Species: Porcine
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay

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