Recombinant Human Integrin alpha L beta 2 Protein, CF
Recombinant Human Integrin alpha L beta 2 Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
3868-AV
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Store the unopened product at -20 to -70 °C. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Do not use past expiration date. |
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Background: Integrin alpha L beta 2
Integrin alpha L beta 2, also called LFA-1, is one of three beta 2 integrin adhesion proteins. The non-covalent heterodimer of 180 kDa alpha L/CD11a and 95 kDa beta 2/CD18 integrin subunits is expressed on virtually all leukocytes (1-3). The ligand binding site of LFA-1 is in the N-terminal head region, formed by an interaction of the vWFA (I, I‑like) domains from each subunit, and the alpha L beta-propeller structure (3-5). The alpha L subunit contains domains termed thigh, calf-1 and calf-2, while the beta 2 subunit contains a PSI (plexin-semaphorin-integrin) region and four cysteine-rich I-EGF folds (5, 6). Each subunit has a transmembrane sequence and a short cytoplasmic tail connected to the cytoskeleton. Upon activation by “inside-out” signaling, clustering, or Mg2+ or Mn2+ binding to metal ion-dependent adhesion sites (MIDAS) within the vWFA domains, the molecule unfolds from its inactive, “closed” conformation to expose ligand binding sites (3, 6-9). Active alpha L beta 2 binds ICAM-1/CD54, ICAM-2, ICAM‑3 and JAM‑A (1, 10-12). The adhesion stabilizes interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells, decreases the T cell activation threshold, and facilitates leukocyte transendothelial migration to sites of inflammation (12-14). A constitutively active construct severely impairs immune responses, demonstrating that both activation and de-activation are important (14). Mutations of beta 2, especially in the vWFA domain, cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD-1) and susceptibility to bacterial infections (15). The 1088 amino acid (aa) human alpha L/CD11b ECD is 73-74% aa identical to mouse and rat, and 79-80% aa identical to bovine, porcine, ovine, goat and canine alpha L ECD. A second human alpha L isoform has 53 aa inserted after aa 954 in the ECD. The 678 aa human beta 2/CD18 ECD shares 81-83% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, bovine, canine, goat, ovine, and porcine beta 2 ECD.
- Larson, R.S. et al. (1989) J. Cell Biol. 108:703.
- Kishimoto, T.K. et al. (1987) Cell 48:681.
- Hynes, R.O. (2002) Cell 110:673.
- Qu, A. and D.J. Leavy (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10277.
- Shi, M. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:30586.
- Beglova, N. et al. (2002) Nat. Struct. Biol. 9:282.
- Shimaoka, M. et al. (2003) Immunity 19:391.
- Lu, C. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:3972.
- Cairo, C.W. et al. (2006) Immunity 25:297.
- Nortamo, P. et al. (1991) J. Immunol. 146:2530.
- de Fougerolles, A.R. and T.A. Springer (1992) J. Exp. Med. 175:185.
- Ostermann, G. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:151.
- Heit, B. et al. (2005) J. Cell Sci. 118:5205.
- Semmrich, M. et al. (2005) J. Exp. Med. 201:1987.
- Kishimoto, T.K. et al. (1987) Cell 50:193.
Citations for Recombinant Human Integrin alpha L beta 2 Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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Irisin supports integrin-mediated cell adhesion of lymphocytes
Authors: PK Myint, A Ito, MG Appiah, G Obeng, S Darkwah, E Kawamoto, A Gaowa, EJ Park, M Shimaoka
Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 2021-03-08;26(0):100977.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ELISA Capture -
The Cell Surface Hyaluronidase TMEM2 Regulates Cell Adhesion and Migration via Degradation of Hyaluronan at Focal Adhesion Sites
Authors: F Irie, Y Tobisawa, A Murao, H Yamamoto, C Ohyama, Y Yamaguchi
The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2021-02-26;0(0):100481.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Protein
Applications: Bioassay -
CagY-Dependent Regulation of Type IV Secretion in Helicobacter pylori Is Associated with Alterations in Integrin Binding
Authors: EC Skoog, VA Morikis, ME Martin, GA Foster, LP Cai, LM Hansen, B Li, JA Gaddy, SI Simon, JV Solnick
MBio, 2018-05-15;9(3):.
Applications: Bioassay -
FRET based quantification and screening technology platform for the interactions of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).
Authors: Chakraborty S, Nunez D, Hu S, Domingo M, Pardo J, Karmenyan A, Chiou A
PLoS ONE, 2014-07-17;9(7):e102572.
Applications: Bioassay -
HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral T cells.
Authors: Arthos J, Cicala C, Martinelli E, MacLeod K, Van Ryk D, Wei D, Xiao Z, Veenstra TD, Conrad TP, Lempicki RA, McLaughlin S, Pascuccio M, Gopaul R, McNally J, Cruz CC, Censoplano N, Chung E, Reitano KN, Kottilil S, Goode DJ, Fauci AS
Nat. Immunol., 2008-02-10;9(3):301-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
FAQs
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What is the amino acid sequence of the acidic and basic tails?
Acidic and basic tails are added to the protein to help facilitate optimal activity. While we generally include sequence information on the product datasheet, the sequences of these tails are considered confidential information.
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