Human TLR4 Biotinylated Antibody

Catalog # Availability Size / Price Qty
BAF1478
Product Details
Citations (5)
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Human TLR4 Biotinylated Antibody Summary

Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human TLR4 in Western blots. In Western blots, approximately 10% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) TLR4 is observed and less than 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) TLR1, rhTLR2, rhTLR3, and rmTLR6 is observed.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human TLR4
Glu24-Lys631
Accession # O00206
Formulation
Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.
Label
Biotin

Applications

Recommended Concentration
Sample
Flow Cytometry
2.5 µg/106 cells
U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

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Preparation and Storage

Reconstitution
Reconstitute at 0.2 mg/mL in sterile PBS.
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Shipping
The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
  • 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
  • 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
  • 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: TLR4

TLR4 is a 100 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the mammalian Toll-Like Receptor family of pathogen pattern recognition molecules. MD-2, also known as ESOP-1, is a 25 kDa secreted protein that is required for TLR4-mediated responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1-3). The human TLR4 cDNA encodes an 839 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, a 608 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 187 aa cytoplasmic domain. TLR4 contains 21 leucine rich repeats in its ECD and one cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain (4). The ECD of human TLR4 shares approximately 25% aa sequence identity with other TLRs and 60-74% aa sequence identity with bovine, equine, feline, mouse, rat, and porcine TLR4. The human MD‑2 cDNA encodes a 160 aa precursor with an 18 aa signal sequence (5). Human MD-2 shares 20% aa sequence identity with MD-1 and 62-64% aa sequence identity with bovine, mouse, and rat MD-2. MD-2 associates with TLR4 on monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (5-7). MD-2 expression is required for cell surface localization of TLR4 and for optimal LPS-induced TLR4 signaling (7, 8). MD-2 also forms soluble disulfide-linked homo-oligomers which can interact with TLR4 (6). Through a domain separate from its TLR4-binding domain, MD-2 extracts LPS from circulating CD14-LPS complexes and carries the LPS into a ternary complex with TLR4 (9-11). The interaction of MD-2/LPS with TLR4 induces receptor oligomerization and the triggering of an inflammatory response (12). Increased levels of plasma MD-2 in septic shock patients sensitizes MD-2 non-expressing epithelial cells to LPS and promotes widespread tissue inflammation (13).

References
  1. Gangloff, M. and N.J. Gay (2004) Trends Biochem. Sci. 29:294.
  2. Palsson-McDermott, E.M. and L.A. O’Neill (2004) Immunology 113:153.
  3. Miyake, K. (2004) Semin. Immunol. 16:11.
  4. Medzhitov, R. et al. (1997) Nature 388:394.
  5. Shimazu, R. et al. (1999) J. Exp. Med. 189:1777.
  6. Visintin, A. et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:12156.
  7. Akashi, S. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:3471.
  8. Nagai, Y. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:667.
  9. Re, F. and J.L. Strominger (2003) J. Immunol. 171:5272.
  10. Kennedy, M.N. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:34698.
  11. Gioannini, T.L. et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:4186.
  12. Saitoh, S. et al. (2004) J. Endotoxin Res. 10:257.
  13. Pugin, J. et al. (2004) Blood 104:4071.
Long Name
Toll-like Receptor 4
Entrez Gene IDs
7099 (Human); 21898 (Mouse); 29260 (Rat)
Alternate Names
ARMD10; CD_antigen: CD284; CD284 antigen; CD284; EC 3.2.2.6; EC:3.2.2.6; homolog of Drosophila toll; hToll; TLR4; TLR-4; toll like receptor 4 protein; TOLL; toll-like receptor 4

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Citations for Human TLR4 Biotinylated Antibody

R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.

5 Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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  1. Characterization of a Cutibacterium acnes Camp Factor 1-Related Peptide as a New TLR-2 Modulator in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models of Inflammation
    Authors: C Mayslich, PA Grange, M Castela, AG Marcelin, V Calvez, N Dupin
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022-05-03;23(9):.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  2. TLR-2 Recognizes Propionibacterium acnes CAMP Factor 1 from Highly Inflammatory Strains
    PLoS ONE, 2016-11-30;11(11):e0167237.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Western Blot
  3. VB-201, an oxidized phospholipid small molecule, inhibits CD14- and Toll-like receptor-2-dependent innate cell activation and constrains atherosclerosis.
    Authors: Mendel I, Feige E, Yacov N, Salem Y, Levi I, Propheta-Meiran O, Shoham A, Ishai E, George J, Harats D, Breitbart E
    Clin Exp Immunol, 2014-01-01;175(1):126-37.
    Species: Human, Mouse
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  4. Iris pigment epithelial cells express a functional lipopolysaccharide receptor complex.
    Authors: Chui JJ, Li MW, Di Girolamo N, Chang JH, McCluskey PJ, Wakefield D
    Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 2009-12-17;51(5):2558-67.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Cell Lysates
    Applications: Western Blot
  5. Wnt5a is expressed in murine and human atherosclerotic lesions.
    Authors: Christman MA, Goetz DJ, Dickerson E, McCall KD, Lewis CJ, Benencia F, Silver MJ, Kohn LD, Malgor R
    Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2008-05-02;294(6):H2864-70.
    Species: Human
    Sample Types: Whole Tissue
    Applications: IHC-P

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