Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody Summary
Ala279-Ser390
Accession # P01137
Applications
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Scientific Data
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Detection of TGF-beta 1 in PC-3 Human Cell Line by Flow Cytometry. PC-3 human prostate carcinoma cell line was stained with Mouse anti-human TGF beta 1 (Catalog # MAB10502, filled histogram) or Mouse IgG2B isotype control (MAB0041, open histogram) followed by Allophycocyanin-conjugated anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (F0101B). To facilitate intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized with FlowX FoxP3/Transcription Factor Fixation & Perm Buffer Kit (FC012). Staining was performed using our Staining Intracellular Molecules protocol.
Reconstitution Calculator
Preparation and Storage
- 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.
- 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
- 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
Background: TGF-beta 1
TGF-beta 1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF-beta superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1‑7). TGF-beta 1, -2 and -3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1‑4). Each TGF-beta isoform has some non‑redundant functions; for TGF-beta 1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGF‑ beta 1 cDNA encodes a 390 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furin‑like convertase processes the proprotein to generate an N‑terminal 249 aa latency‑associated peptide (LAP) and a C‑terminal 112 aa mature TGF‑ beta 1 (8, 9). Disulfide‑linked homodimers of LAP and TGF‑ beta 1 remain non‑covalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGF‑ beta 1 complex (8‑10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGF‑ beta binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGF‑ beta is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGF‑ beta 1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGF‑ beta 1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGF‑ beta 1. It demonstrates cross‑species activity (1). TGF‑ beta 1 signaling begins with high‑affinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGF‑ beta RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGF‑ beta RI (also called activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK) ‑5), or alternatively, ALK‑1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGF‑ beta RIII) and endoglin, or use of Smad‑independent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGF‑ beta in different contexts (11).
- Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 29.
- Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982.
- Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213.
- Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787.
- Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179.
- Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517.
- Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261.
- Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701.
- Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407.
- Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601.
- de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1.
- Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.
Product Datasheets
Citations for Human TGF-beta 1 Antibody
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Influence of a High-Impact Multidimensional Rehabilitation Program on the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: M Barone, L Mendozzi, F D'Amico, M Saresella, S Rampelli, F Piancone, F La Rosa, I Marventano, M Clerici, A d'Arma, L Pugnetti, V Rossi, M Candela, P Brigidi, S Turroni
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021-07-02;22(13):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 favor Tregs accumulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: J Wang, Y Luo, P Bi, J Lu, F Wang, X Liu, B Zhang, X Li
Cancer Med, 2020-06-22;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Tissue
Applications: IHC -
Toll-like Receptor-4 Activation Boosts the Immunosuppressive Properties of Tumor Cells-derived Exosomes
Authors: R Domenis, A Cifù, D Marinò, M Fabris, KR Niazi, P Soon-Shion, F Curcio
Sci Rep, 2019-06-11;9(1):8457.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Neutralization
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