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Learn MoreHuman Tissue-specific Dendritic Cell Subset Markers
Click on one of the dendritic cell types shown in the buttons below to see the markers that are commonly used to identify the different dendritic cell subsets.
Overview
Human Skin Dendritic Cell Subsets Overview
In normal human skin, four phenotypically distinguishable CD11c+MHC class II+ subsets of dendritic cells have been characterized. These include epidermal Langerhans cells, CD14+ dermal dendritic cells, CD1a+CD1c/BDCA-1+ dermal dendritic cells, and CD1a+CD141/BDCA-3+ dermal dendritic cells. The largest population of human dermal dendritic cells is the CD1a+CD1c/BDCA-1+ subset, which is the human counterpart of mouse CD11b+Langerin/CD207- dermal dendritic cells. CD1a+CD1c/BDCA-1+ dermal dendritic cells are commonly identified based on the expression of CD1a, CD1c/BDCA-1, SIRP alpha/CD172a and CD11b/Integrin alpha M, and lack of expression of CD14 and CD141/BDCA-3. In contrast, human CD1a+CD141/BDCA-3+ dermal dendritic cells are the least abundant subset and are considered to be the human counterpart of mouse CD11b-Langerin/CD207+CD103/Integrin alpha E+ dermal dendritic cells. Similar to CD1a+CD1c/BDCA-1+ cells, CD1a+CD141/BDCA-3+ dendritic cells express high levels of CD1a, CD11b/Integrin alpha M, and SIRP alpha/CD172a, and lack expression of CD14, but they also express high levels of CD141/BDCA-3 and are the only human dermal dendritic cell subset that expresses XCR1, CLEC9a, and IGSF4A/SynCAM1/Necl2. This subset of dermal dendritic cells has been reported to be particularly efficient at priming CD8+ T cells. Like the two previously described subsets of dermal dendritic cells, human epidermal Langerhans cells also express high levels of CD1a and lack expression of CD14. Additionally, they also express Langerin/CD207 and are the only dendritic cell subset in the human skin to express EpCAM/TROP1 and E-Cadherin. The final dendritic cell subset found in human skin is the CD14+ subset. These cells lack expression of CD1a and express high levels of CD14. Together, the presence of multiple dendritic cell subsets in the skin are thought to allow subset-specific functional specialization under different conditions or in response to distinct stimuli.
