Recombinant Rat 4-1BB/TNFRSF9 Fc Chimera Protein, CF

Recombinant Rat 4-1BB/TNFRSF9 Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: 4-1BB/TNFRSF9/CD137

4‑1BB, also known as CD137 and TNFRSF9, is an approximately 30 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the TNF receptor superfamily. 4‑1BB functions in the development and activation of multiple immune cells (1). Mature rat consists of a 166 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with four TNFR cysteine‑rich repeats, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 48 aa cytoplasmic domain. Within the ECD, rat 4‑1BB shares 60% and 79% aa sequence identity with human and mouse 4‑1BB, respectively. 4‑1BB is expressed as a disulfide‑linked homodimer on various populations of activated T cells including CD4⁺, CD8⁺, memory CD8⁺, NKT, and regulatory T cells (2‑5) as well as on myeloid and mast cell progenitors, dendritic cells, mast cells, and bacterially infected osteoblasts (6‑9). It binds with high affinity to the transmembrane 4‑1BB Ligand/TNFSF9 which is expressed on antigen presenting cells and myeloid progenitor cells (6, 10). This interaction co‑stimulates the proliferation, activation, and/or survival of the 4‑1BB expressing cell (2‑5, 10). It can also enhance the activation‑induced cell death of repetitively stimulated T cells (10). Mice lacking 4‑1BB show augmented T cell activation, perhaps due to its absence on regulatory T cells (11). 4‑1BB can associate with OX40 on activated T cells, forming a complex that responds to either ligand and inhibits Treg and CD8⁺ T cell proliferation (12). Reverse signaling through 4‑1BB Ligand inhibits the development of dendritic cells, B cells, and osteoclasts (6, 9) but supports mature dendritic cell survival and co‑stimulates the proliferation and activation of mast cells (7, 8). 4‑1BB activation enhances CD8⁺ T cell and NK cell mediated anti‑tumor immunity (13). It also contributes to the development of inflammation in high fat diet‑induced metabolic syndrome (14). Soluble forms of 4‑1BB and 4‑1BB Ligand circulate at elevated levels in the serum of rheumatoid arthritis and hematologic cancer patients, respectively (15, 16).

Related Research Areas

• Adipogenesis Markers
• Co-stimulatory and Co-inhibitory Molecules
• Dendritic Cell Co-stimulatory Molecules
• Regulation of Apoptosis by TNF Superfamily Members
• Regulation of B Cell Activation and Homeostasis by TNF Superfamily Members
• Regulation of Natural Killer Cell Co-stimulation by TNF Superfamily Members
• Regulation of T Cell Co-stimulation by TNF Superfamily Members
• Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
• TNF Superfamily
• TNF Superfamily Receptors