Recombinant Mouse IL-21R Fc Chimera Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
Mouse IL-21 R Subunit (Cys20 - Pro236) Accession # Q9JHX3 |
IEGRMD | Human IgG1 (Pro100 - Lys330) |
N-terminus | C-terminus | |
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
596-MR
Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Reconstitution Calculator
Background: IL-21R
IL-21 R (interleukin-21 receptor) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein within the class I cytokine receptor family, type 4 subfamily (1 ‑ 5). Complex formation between IL-21 R and the common gamma chain ( gamma c), also used for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-15 receptors, is required for signaling (6, 7). Mouse IL-21 R cDNA encodes 521 amino acid (aa) including a 19 aa signal peptide, a 218 aa extracellular domain (ECD) with 4 conserved cysteine residues, a fibronectin type III domain, and a WSXWS motif, a 21 aa transmembrane domain and a 271 aa cytoplasmic domain with a Box 1 motif, a kinase domain, and several sites for tyrosine phosphorylation (4, 5). One such site, pY510, mediates STAT binding (1, 2). The mouse IL‑21 R ECD shares 69%, 91%, 65%, 63% and 58% aa identity with human, rat, equine, canine and bovine IL-21 R, respectively. One potential 447 aa isoform, with an alternate start site at aa 83, lacks the four conserved ECD cysteines. IL-21 R is expressed mainly on B cells (highest on mature, activated, follicular and germinal center B cells), NK cells, and activated T cells, but is also found on dendritic cells, alternatively activated macrophages, intestinal lamina propria fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and keratinocytes (1, 3 ‑ 5). Both IL‑21 and IL‑4 are necessary for efficient B cell IgG1 production and normal germinal center architecture (8). B cell IL‑21 R engagement induces Blimp-1 (which mediates plasma cell differentiation), and is important for memory responses (1, 9, 10). IL-21 R engagement on mouse NK cells enhances their cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production (4, 11). IL‑21 R engagement on CD8+ T cells aids control of viral infection and tumor growth; IL-21 R is also necessary for sufficient numbers of regulatory T cells to combat chronic inflammation (1, 12, 13). IL‑21 R expression is often up‑regulated in allergic skin inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (1, 2, 14, 15).
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- King, I.L. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6138.
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Citations for Recombinant Mouse IL-21R Fc Chimera Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Maternal schistosomiasis impairs offspring Interleukin-4 production and B cell expansion
Authors: D Cortés-Sel, L Gibbs, A Ready, HA Ekiz, R O'Connell, B Rajwa, KC Fairfax
PloS Pathogens, 2021-02-01;17(2):e1009260.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
ICOS signaling promotes a secondary humoral response after re-challenge with Plasmodium�chabaudi chabaudi AS
Authors: LE Latham, DJ Wikenheise, JS Stumhofer
PLoS Pathog., 2020-04-29;16(4):e1008527.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: ICC -
Control of Germinal Center Localization and Lineage Stability of Follicular Regulatory T Cells by the Blimp1 Transcription Factor
Authors: L Wang, E Shen, L Luo, H Rabe, Q Wang, J Yin, X Yang, W Liu, JM Sido, H Nakagawa, L Ao, HJ Kim, H Cantor, JW Leavenwort
Cell Rep, 2019-11-12;29(7):1848-1861.e6.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Cell Culture -
IL-12 signaling drives the differentiation and function of a TH1-derived TFH1-like cell population
Authors: MD Powell, KA Read, BK Sreekumar, DM Jones, KJ Oestreich
Sci Rep, 2019-09-30;9(1):13991.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Interleukin-21-mediated suppression of the Pax3-Id3 pathway exacerbates the development of Sj�gren's syndrome via follicular helper T cells
Authors: JS Park, SM Kim, J Choi, KA Jung, SH Hwang, S Yang, SK Kwok, ML Cho, SH Park
Cytokine, 2019-09-03;125(0):154834.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
IL-4 Promotes stromal cell expansion and Is critical for development Of A Type-2, but not a type 1 immune response
Authors: D Cortes-Sel, A Ready, L Gibbs, B Rajwa, KC Fairfax
Eur. J. Immunol., 2019-01-03;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Neddylation contributes to CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against blood-stage Plasmodium infection
Authors: Q Cheng, J Liu, Y Pei, Y Zhang, D Zhou, W Pan, J Zhang
PLoS Pathog., 2018-11-21;14(11):e1007440.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Suppression of Th1 Priming by TLR2 Agonists during Cutaneous Immunization Is Mediated by Recruited CCR2+ Monocytes
Authors: CT Johndrow, MF Goldberg, AJ Johnson, TW Ng, S Kunnath-Ve, G Lauvau, DH Kaplan, GH Gossel, UD Kadolsky, AJ Yates, J Chan, WR Jacobs, SA Porcelli
J. Immunol., 2018-11-19;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
CD8 Follicular T Cells Promote B Cell Antibody Class Switch in Autoimmune Disease
Authors: KM Valentine, D Davini, TJ Lawrence, GN Mullins, M Manansala, M Al-Kuhlani, JM Pinney, JK Davis, AE Beaudin, SS Sindi, DM Gravano, KK Hoyer
J. Immunol., 2018-05-09;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Disruption of Pathogenic Cellular Networks by IL-21 Blockade Leads to Disease Amelioration in Murine Lupus
Authors: JY Choi, A Seth, M Kashgarian, S Terrillon, E Fung, L Huang, LC Wang, J Craft
J. Immunol, 2017-02-20;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Antigen-presenting cell-derived IL-6 restricts the expression of GATA3 and IL-4 by follicular helper T cells
J Leukoc Biol, 2016-07-29;0(0):.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Splenic Long-Lived Plasma Cells Promote the Development of Follicular Helper T Cells during Autoimmune Responses.
Authors: Jang E, Cho W, Oh Y, Cho M, Kim J, Paik D, Youn J
J Immunol, 2016-01-04;196(3):1026-35.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
The Costimulatory Molecule ICOS Regulates Host Th1 and Follicular Th Cell Differentiation in Response to Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS Infection.
Authors: Wikenheiser D, Ghosh D, Kennedy B, Stumhofer J
J Immunol, 2015-12-14;196(2):778-91.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Somatic mutations and affinity maturation are impaired by excessive numbers of T follicular helper cells and restored by Treg cells or memory T cells.
Authors: Preite S, Baumjohann D, Foglierini M, Basso C, Ronchi F, Rodriguez B, Corti D, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F
Eur J Immunol, 2015-10-01;45(11):3010-21.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
B Cell-Specific MHC Class II Deletion Reveals Multiple Nonredundant Roles for B Cell Antigen Presentation in Murine Lupus.
Authors: Giles J, Kashgarian M, Koni P, Shlomchik M
J Immunol, 2015-08-12;195(6):2571-9.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Local triggering of the ICOS coreceptor by CD11c(+) myeloid cells drives organ inflammation in lupus.
Authors: Teichmann L, Cullen J, Kashgarian M, Dong C, Craft J, Shlomchik M
Immunity, 2015-03-17;42(3):552-65.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
Regulation of autoimmune germinal center reactions in lupus-prone BXD2 mice by follicular helper T cells.
Authors: Kim Y, Lim H, Jung H, Wetsel R, Chung Y
PLoS ONE, 2015-03-13;10(3):e0120294.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Disruption of IL-21 signaling affects T cell-B cell interactions and abrogates protective humoral immunity to malaria.
Authors: Perez-Mazliah D, Ng D, Freitas do Rosario A, McLaughlin S, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Sodenkamp J, Kushinga G, Langhorne J
PLoS Pathog, 2015-03-12;11(3):e1004715.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Binding Assay -
IL-4-secreting secondary T follicular helper (Tfh) cells arise from memory T cells, not persisting Tfh cells, through a B cell-dependent mechanism.
Authors: Fairfax K, Everts B, Amiel E, Smith A, Schramm G, Haas H, Randolph G, Taylor J, Pearce E
J Immunol, 2015-02-23;194(7):2999-3010.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
ICOS maintains the T follicular helper cell phenotype by down-regulating Kruppel-like factor 2.
Authors: Weber J, Fuhrmann F, Feist R, Lahmann A, Al Baz M, Gentz L, Vu Van D, Mages H, Haftmann C, Riedel R, Grun J, Schuh W, Kroczek R, Radbruch A, Mashreghi M, Hutloff A
J Exp Med, 2015-02-02;212(2):217-33.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
A novel murine cytomegalovirus vaccine vector protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Beverley P, Ruzsics Z, Hey A, Hutchings C, Boos S, Bolinger B, Marchi E, O'Hara G, Klenerman P, Koszinowski U, Tchilian E
J Immunol, 2014-07-28;193(5):2306-16.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
CD73 expression is dynamically regulated in the germinal center and bone marrow plasma cells are diminished in its absence.
Authors: Conter, Laura J, Song, Eunice, Shlomchik, Mark J, Tomayko, Mary M
PLoS ONE, 2014-03-24;9(3):e92009.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
IL-21 contributes to fatal inflammatory disease in the absence of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells.
Authors: Vogelzang, Alexis, McGuire, Helen M, Liu, Sue M, Gloss, Brian, Mercado, Karessa, Earls, Peter, Dinger, Marcel E, Batten, Marcel, Sprent, Jonathan, King, Cecile
J Immunol, 2014-01-20;192(4):1404-14.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Protein, Whole Cells
Applications: ELISA, Flow Cytometry -
Excess IL-1 signaling enhances the development of Th17 cells by downregulating TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 expression.
Authors: Ikeda S, Saijo S, Murayama M, Shimizu K, Akitsu A, Iwakura Y
J Immunol, 2014-01-15;192(4):1449-58.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Myor/ABF-1 mRNA [corrected] Expression Marks Follicular Helper T Cells but Is Dispensable for Tfh Cell Differentiation and Function In Vivo.
Authors: Debuisson D, Mari N, Denanglaire S, Leo O, Andris F
PLoS ONE, 2013-12-26;8(12):e84415.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
OX40 facilitates control of a persistent virus infection.
Authors: Boettler, Tobias, Moeckel, Friedric, Cheng, Yang, Heeg, Maximili, Salek-Ardakani, Shahram, Crotty, Shane, Croft, Michael, von Herrath, Matthias
PLoS Pathog, 2012-09-06;8(9):e1002913.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
T-follicular helper cells survive as long-term memory cells.
Eur. J. Immunol., 2012-08-01;42(8):1981-8.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
A subset of interleukin-21+ chemokine receptor CCR9+ T helper cells target accessory organs of the digestive system in autoimmunity.
Authors: McGuire HM, Vogelzang A, Ma CS, Hughes WE, Silveira PA, Tangye SG, Christ D, Fulcher D, Falcone M, King C
Immunity, 2011-04-22;34(4):602-15.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo, Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry, In Vivo -
B and T lymphocyte attenuator suppresses IL-21 production from follicular Th cells and subsequent humoral immune responses.
Authors: Kashiwakuma D, Suto A, Hiramatsu Y
J. Immunol., 2010-07-26;185(5):2730-6.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry -
In vivo regulation of Bcl6 and T follicular helper cell development.
Authors: Poholek AC, Hansen K, Hernandez SG
J. Immunol., 2010-06-02;185(1):313-26.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Flow Cytometry
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