Recombinant Human TLR3 Protein, CF Summary
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Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1487-TR
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 400 μg/mL in sterile PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Store the unopened product at -20 to -70 °C. Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Do not use past expiration date. |
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: TLR3
Human TLR3 is a 116 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the mammalian Toll-Like Receptor family of pathogen pattern recognition molecules (1, 2). There are at least eleven mouse and ten human members that activate the innate immune system following exposure to a variety of microbial species (3). The human TLR3 cDNA encodes a 904 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 23 aa signal sequence, a 681 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 179 aa cytoplasmic region (4). The horseshoe shaped ECD (5, 6) contains 23 leucine rich repeats, and the cytoplasmic domain contains one Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. The ECD of human TLR3 shares 80%, 79%, and 77% aa sequence identity with the ECD of rat, mouse, and bovine TLR3, respectively. TLR3 is found in phagosomes (7), where the acidic pH enables binding of internalized double stranded RNA and mRNA from viruses, parasites, and necrotic virally-infected cells (8-11). Ligand binding by TLR3 induces receptor dimerization (5, 6, 8) leading to the release of inflammatory cytokines and dendritic cell maturation (9, 11-13). TLR3 is expressed in dendritic cells, macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes (13-15) and is upregulated by IFN-beta and LPS (9, 14). TLR3 expression is also induced by lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells by respiratory syncytial virus infection (12).
- Sen, G.C. and S.N. Sarkar (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:1.
- Schroder, M. and A.G. Bowie (2005) Trends Immunol. 26:462.
- Hopkins, P.A. and S. Sriskandan (2005) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 140:395.
- Rock, F.L. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:588.
- Choe, J. et al. (2005) Science 309:581.
- Bell, J.K. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102:10976.
- Nishiya, T. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 280:37107.
- de Bouteiller, O. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:38133.
- Alexopoulou, L. et al. (2001) Nature 413:732.
- Aksoy, E. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:277.
- Kariko, K. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:12542.
- Rudd, B.D. et al. (2005) J. Virol. 79:3350.
- Farina, C. et al. (2005) J. Neuroimmunol. 159:12.
- Heinz, S. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:21502.
- Wang, T. et al. (2004) Nat. Med. 10:1366.
Citations for Recombinant Human TLR3 Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 6
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Toll-like Receptor 2 Antagonists Identified through Virtual Screening and Experimental Validation
Authors: P Durai, HJ Shin, A Achek, HK Kwon, RG Govindaraj, S Panneersel, D Yesudhas, J Choi, KT No, S Choi
FEBS J., 2017-07-02;0(0):.
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance -
Cleaved/associated TLR3 represents the primary form of the signaling receptor.
Authors: Toscano F, Estornes Y, Virard F, Garcia-Cattaneo A, Pierrot A, Vanbervliet B, Bonnin M, Ciancanelli M, Zhang S, Funami K, Seya T, Matsumoto M, Pin J, Casanova J, Renno T, Lebecque S
J Immunol, 2012-12-19;190(2):764-73.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: Antibody Production -
dsRNA induces apoptosis through an atypical death complex associating TLR3 to caspase-8.
Cell Death Differ., 2012-03-16;19(9):1482-94.
Species: Mouse
Sample Types: In Vivo
Applications: In Vivo -
TLR3 and Rig-like receptor on myeloid dendritic cells and Rig-like receptor on human NK cells are both mandatory for production of IFN-gamma in response to double-stranded RNA.
Authors: Perrot I, Deauvieau F, Massacrier C
J. Immunol., 2010-07-16;185(4):2080-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Complex Sample Type
Applications: Surface Plasmon Resonance -
Oxidative stress enhances toll-like receptor 3 response to double-stranded RNA in airway epithelial cells.
Authors: Koarai A, Sugiura H, Yanagisawa S
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2009-07-13;42(6):651-60.
Applications: Western Blot -
Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 augments myofibroblast differentiation.
Authors: Sugiura H, Ichikawa T, Koarai A, Yanagisawa S, Minakata Y, Matsunaga K, Hirano T, Akamatsu K, Ichinose M
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 2008-11-06;40(6):654-62.
Applications: Western Blot
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