Recombinant Human Dystroglycan Protein, CF Summary
Product Specifications
The ED50 for this effect is 1.5-6.0 μg/mL.
Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.
Met1-Val749, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Analysis
Product Datasheets
Carrier Free
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
6868-DG
| Formulation | Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. |
| Reconstitution | Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. |
| Shipping | The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. |
| Stability & Storage: | Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Reconstitution Calculator
Background: Dystroglycan
Dystroglycan, also called DAG‑1 (dystrophin‑associated glycoprotein 1) or DG, is a heterodimeric adhesion molecule that links the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the cell cytoskeleton (1‑4). Human preproDAG‑1 is an 895 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane protein that contains a 27 aa signal sequence and an 868 aa proform. Autocatalysis of the proform produces two fragments that remain noncovalently‑linked. The first fragment (or alpha ‑chain) is 626 aa in length (aa 28‑653) and contains a mucin‑like region, while the second fragment (or beta ‑chain) is a 42‑44 kDa, 242 aa N‑glycosylated protein with an extracellular (aa 654‑749), transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domain (5). Over aa 28‑749, human DAG‑1 shares 93% aa sequence identity with mouse DAG‑1. It is widely expressed but differentially O‑glycosylated on skeletal muscle and epithelia (which contain a 160 kDa alpha ‑chain) as compared to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, lymphocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells (which contain a 100 ‑ 140 kDa alpha ‑chain) (1‑3, 6‑9). DAG‑1 binding of ECM molecules is influenced by its alpha ‑chain O‑glycosylation (2, 6‑10). In addition to skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junctions in which DAG‑1 binds several ECM molecules, DAG‑1 is important for neuronal migration (through neurexin interactions), keratinocyte attachment to the ECM (through laminin), and adhesion at the immunological synapse and in the hematopoietic stem cell niche (through agrin) (3, 6‑11). In muscle, the beta ‑chain cytoplasmic domain connects with the cytoskeleton via formation of the dystrophin‑glycoprotein complex with isoforms of dystrophin, sarcoglycan, syntrophin, and sarcospan (3). This complex is critical for skeletal muscle viability and regeneration (3, 4, 10, 11). MMP9 cleavage of the 44 kDa beta ‑chain creates a 30 kDa transmembrane form that causes dissociation of the heterodimer and a down‑regulation of ECM interactions (6, 12). Dystroglycanopathies, a group of congenital muscular dystrophies affecting the brain, eye and skeletal muscle, are caused by either abnormalities in glycosyltransferases, or their accessory proteins, or rare DAG‑1 polymorphisms. All result in DAG‑1 hypoglycosylation, especially of O‑mannosyl forms, and affect DAG‑1 binding to ECM proteins (2, 3, 10, 13, 14).
- Ibraghimov-Bedkrovnaya, O. et al. (1993) Hum. Mol. Genet. 2:1651.
- Godfrey, C. et al. (2011) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 21:278.
- Barresi, R. and Campbell, K.P. (2006) J. Cell Sci. 119:199.
- Durbeej, M. and K.P. Campbell (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:26609.
- Akhavan, A. et al. (2008) FASEB J. 22:612.
- Herzog, C. et al. (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol. 122:1372.
- Leonoudakis, D. et al. (2010) J. Cell Sci. 123:3683.
- Zhang, J. et al. (2006) FASEB J. 20:50.
- Mazzon, C. et al. (2011) Blood 118:2733.
- Michele, D.E. et al. (2002) Nature 418:417.
- Cohn, R.D. et al. (2002) Cell 110:639.
- Bozzi, M. et al. (2009) IUBMB Life 61:1143.
- Yoshida-Moriguchi, T. et al. (2010) Science 327:88.
- Hara, Y. et al. (2011) N. Eng. J. Med. 364:939.
Citations for Recombinant Human Dystroglycan Protein, CF
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Fusogenic structural changes in arenavirus glycoproteins are associated with viroporin activity
Authors: Zhang, Y;York, J;Brindley, MA;Nunberg, JH;Melikyan, GB;
PLoS pathogens
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay -
Astrocyte-Secreted Neurocan Controls Inhibitory Synapse Formation and Function
Authors: D Irala, S Wang, K Sakers, L Nagendren, FP Ulloa-Seve, DS Bindu, C Eroglu
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023-04-03;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Whole Cells
Applications: Bioassay
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