Metformin hydrochloride
Chemical Name: N,N-Dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride
Biological Activity
Metformin hydrochloride is an antidiabetic agent; lowers plasma glucose levels and improves insulin sensitivity. Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis via activation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway. Displays antiproliferative effects in cancer cell lines via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (MRC-1). Activates the aPKC-CBP pathway in neural precursors to promote neurogenesis. Activates autophagy. Identified by chemoinformatics as targeting human host proteins that interact with SARS-CoV-2. Metformin hydrochloride prevents brain atrophy, and slows the pace of aging across diverse tissues in animal studies.Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Additional Information
Background References
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AMP-activated protein kinase modulates tau phosphorylation and tau pathology in vivo
Manon Domise
Sci Rep, 2016;6(0):26758. -
MetF. activates an atypical PKC-CBP pathway to promote neurogenesis and enhance spatial memory formation.
Wang et al.
Cell Stem Cell, 2012;11:23 -
Pharmacological modulation of autophagy: therapeutic potential and persisting obstacles.
Galluzzi et al.
Nat.Rev.Drug.Discov., 2017; -
MetF. inhibits the inflammatory response associated with cellular transformation and cancer stem cell growth.
Hirsch et al.
Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 2013;110:972 -
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of MetF..
Shaw et al.
Science, 2005;310:1642 -
AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and Ins signalling.
Towler and Hardie
Circ.Res., 2007;100:328 -
MetfF inhibits mitochondrial complex I of cancer cells to reduce tumorigenesis.
Wheaton et al.
Elife, 2014;3:e02242 -
A SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction map reveals drug targets and potential drug-repurposing.
Gordon et al.
Nature, 2020;
Product Datasheets
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Citations for Metformin hydrochloride
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Metformin hydrochloride include:
17 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Metformin decelerates aging clock in male monkeys.
Authors: Yang Et al.
Cell 2024;187:1
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Repeat-associated non-AUG translation in C9orf72-ALS/FTD is driven by neuronal excitation and stress.
Authors: Westergard Et al.
EMBO Mol Med 2019;11
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Altered steady state and activity-dependent de novo protein expression in fragile X syndrome.
Authors: Bowling Et al.
Nat Commun 2019;10:1710
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Is Essential for the Maintenance of Energy Levels during Synaptic Activation.
Authors: Marinangeli Et al.
iScience 2018;9:1
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Expression of glycolytic enzymes in ovarian cancers and evaluation of the glycolytic pathway as a strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Authors: Xintaropoulou Et al.
BMC Cancer 2018;18:636
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Modification of tumour cell metabolism modulates sensitivity to Chk1 inhibitor-induced DNA damage.
Authors: Massey
Sci Rep 2017;7:40778
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Effects of MET and a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) ATP-Competitive Inhibitor on Targeted Metabolomics in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line.
Authors: Soliman Et al.
Metabolomics (Los Angel) 2017;6
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Vitamin C alleviates aging defects in a stem cell model for Werner syndrome.
Authors: Li Et al.
Protein Cell 2016;7:478
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Development of telmis. in the therapy of spinal cord injury: pre-clinical study in rats.
Authors: Lin Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;9:4709
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Dipeptide species regulate p38MAPK-Smad3 signalling to maintain chronic myelogenous leukaemia stem cells.
Authors: Naka Et al.
BMC Cancer 2015;6:8039
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A comparative analysis of inhibitors of the glycolysis pathway in breast and ovarian cancer cell line models.
Authors: Xintaropoulou Et al.
Oncotarget 2015;6:25677
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Suppression of experimental arthritis through AMP-activated protein kinase activation and autophagy modulation.
Authors: Yan Et al.
J Rheum Dis Treat 2015;1:5
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Cellular energy stress induces AMPK-mediated regulation of YAP and the Hippo pathway.
Authors: Mo Et al.
Nat Cell Biol 2015;17:500
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OxLDL induces endothelial dysfunction and death via TRAF3IP2: inhibition by HDL3 and AMPK activators.
Authors: Valente Et al.
Free Radic Biol Med 2014;70:117
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A cell-autonomous molecular cascade initiated by AMP-activated protein kinase represses steroidogenesis.
Authors: Abdou Et al.
Mol Cell Biol 2014;34:4257
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Activation of AMPK inhibits cervical cancer cell growth through AKT/FOXO3a/FOXM1 signaling cascade.
Authors: Yung Et al.
PLoS One 2013;13:327
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Comparative gene expression profiling of benign and malignant lesions reveals candidate therapeutic compounds for leiomyosarcoma.
Authors: Edris Et al.
Sarcoma 2012;2012:805614
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