Human Ubiquitin Antibody

Applications

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. General Protocols are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

Background: Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid (aa) protein that is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. Ubiquitin is highly conserved with 96% aa sequence identity shared between human and yeast. In mammals, four ubiquitin genes encode for two ubiquitin­ribosomal fusion proteins and two polyubiquitin proteins. Cleavage of the ubiquitin precursors by deubiquitinating enzymes gives rise to identical ubiquitin monomers each with a predicted molecular weight of 8.6 kDa. Conjugation of ubiquitin to target proteins involves the formation of an isopeptide bond between the C­terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin and a lysine residue in the target protein. This process of conjugation, referred to as ubiquitination or ubiquitylation, is a multi­step process that requires three enzymes: a ubiquitin­activating (E1) enzyme, a ubiquitin­conjugating (E2) enzyme, and a ubiquitin ligase (E3). Ubiquitination is classically recognized as a mechanism to target proteins for degradation and as a result, ubiquitin was originally named ATP­dependent Proteolysis Factor 1 (APF­1). In addition to protein degradation, ubiquitination has been shown to mediate a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction, endocytosis, and post­endocytic sorting.

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