Human RAGE DuoSet ELISA Summary
* Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.
Product Features
- Optimized capture and detection antibody pairings with recommended concentrations save lengthy development time
- Development protocols are provided to guide further assay optimization
- Assay can be customized to your specific needs
- Economical alternative to complete kits
Kit Content
- Capture Antibody
- Detection Antibody
- Recombinant Standard
- Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (Streptavidin-HRP)
Other Reagents Required
PBS: (Catalog # DY006), or 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2 - 7.4, 0.2 µm filtered
Wash Buffer: (Catalog # WA126), or equivalent
Reagent Diluent: 1% BSA in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4, 0.2 m filtered (R&D Systems Catalog # DY995). Quality of BSA is critical (see Technical Hints).
Blocking Buffer: 1% BSA in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4, 0.2 m filtered (R&D Systems Catalog # DY995). Quality of BSA is critical (see Technical Hints).
Substrate Solution: 1:1 mixture of Color Reagent A (H2O2) and Color Reagent B (Tetramethylbenzidine) (Catalog # DY999)
Stop Solution: 2 N H2SO4 (Catalog # DY994)
Microplates: R&D Systems (Catalog # DY990), or equivalent
Plate Sealers: ELISA Plate Sealers (Catalog # DY992), or equivalent
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: RAGE/AGER
RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End product) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that binds advanced glycation end products (AGEs), beta-amyloid peptides, HMGB1/Amphoterin, and several S100 family proteins. AGEs are adducts formed by the non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids. A soluble form can also be generated by MMP-mediated shedding. RAGE is expressed in the CNS during development as well as in adult endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, monocytes, and neurons. It is locally upregulated in vascular inflammation (e.g. diabetes, atherosclerosis, vascular injury, Alzheimer’s disease). At these sites, RAGE binding to S100A1, EN-RAGE/S100A12, or S100B induces inflammatory immune cell adhesion and infiltration as well as vascular smooth muscle proliferation, neointimal expansion, atherosclerotic plaque development, and transport of A-beta into the cerebrospinal fluid. In cancer, RAGE binding to HMGB1, S100A8, or S100A9 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in addition to inflammatory cell infiltration.
To view our complete solutions for RAGE research, visit bio-techne.com.
Assay Procedure
GENERAL ELISA PROTOCOL
Plate Preparation
- Dilute the Capture Antibody (to the working concentration stated in the product datasheet ) in PBS without carrier protein. Immediately coat a 96-well microplate with 100 µL per well of the diluted Capture Antibody. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at room temperature.
- Aspirate each well and wash with Wash Buffer, repeating the process two times for a total of three washes. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (400 µL) using a squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or autowasher. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or by inverting the plate and blotting it against clean paper towels.
- Block each well of the microplate as recommended in the product datasheet. Incubate at room temperature for a minimum of 1 hour.
Note: The recommended Reagent Diluent typically contains 1% BSA. Some DuoSet Development Kits require alternative blocking agents, or for plates to be blocked overnight with a higher percentage of BSA, please see the product datasheet for details.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2. The plates are now ready for sample addition.
PRECAUTION
The Stop Solution suggested for use with this kit is an acid solution. Wear eye, hand, face and clothing protection when using this material.
Assay Procedure
- Add 100 µL of sample or standards in Reagent Diluent, or an appropriate diluent, per well. Cover with an adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
- Add 100 µL of the Detection Antibody, diluted in Reagent Diluent (as recommended in the product datasheet), to each well. Cover with a new adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
- Add 100 µL of the working dilution of Streptavidin-HRP to each well. Cover the plate and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2.
- Add 100 µL of Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
- Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
- Determine the optical density of each well immediately, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm. If wavelength correction is available, set to 540 nm or 570 nm. If wavelength correction is not available, subtract readings at 540 nm or 570 nm from the readings at 450 nm. This subtraction will correct for optical imperfections in the plate. Readings made directly at 450 nm without correction may be higher and less accurate.
Citations for Human RAGE DuoSet ELISA
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
26
Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Assessment of EN-RAGE, sRAGE, and its isoforms: cRAGE, esRAGE in obese patients treated by moderate caloric restriction combined with physical activity conducted in hospital condition
Authors: Kanikowska, D;Kanikowska, A;Strojny, Z;Kawka, E;Zawada, A;Rutkowski, R;Litwinowicz, M;Sato, M;Grzymis?awski, M;Br?borowicz, A;Witowski, J;Korybalska, K;
Cytokine
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Differential Expression of Circulating Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Patients with Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Tsoporis, JN;Triantafyllis, AS;Kalogeropoulos, AS;Izhar, S;Rigopoulos, AG;Rallidis, LS;Sakadakis, E;Toumpoulis, IK;Salpeas, V;Leong-Poi, H;Parker, TG;Rizos, I;
Biomolecules
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Expression and clinical association of MFG-E8 and TAM receptors in diabetic patients with different stages of microvascular complication: An experimental study
Authors: Xiong, Y;Wang, B;Jiao, J;Tang, M;Li, K;Jiang, R;Huang, W;
Medicine
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Alveolar macrophages from EVALI patients and e-cigarette users: a story of shifting phenotype
Authors: Warren, KJ;Beck, EM;Callahan, SJ;Helms, MN;Middleton, E;Maddock, S;Carr, JR;Harris, D;Blagev, DP;Lanspa, MJ;Brown, SM;Paine, R;
Respiratory research
Species: Human
Sample Types: BALF
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Time-varying parameters of glycemic control and glycation in relation to arterial stiffness in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: S Helleputte, P Calders, A Rodenbach, J Marlier, C Verroken, T De Backer, B Lapauw
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2022-12-09;21(1):277.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Circulating levels of AGEs and soluble RAGE isoforms are associated with all-cause mortality and development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: J Sabbatinel, S Castiglion, F Macrì, A Giuliani, D Ramini, MC Vinci, E Tortato, AR Bonfigli, F Olivieri, A Raucci
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2022-06-06;21(1):95.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Prediction of emergency cerclage outcomes in women with cervical insufficiency: The role of inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix-related proteins in amniotic fluid
Authors: KN Lee, KH Park, YM Kim, I Cho, TE Kim
PLoS ONE, 2022-05-10;17(5):e0268291.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Amniotic Fluid
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Clinical and biological markers for predicting ARDS and outcome in septic patients
Authors: J Villar, R Herrán-Mon, E González-H, M Prieto-Gon, A Ambrós, A Rodríguez-, A Muriel-Bom, R Solano, C Cuenca-Rub, A Vidal, C Flores, JM González-M, MI García-Lao, Genetics o
Scientific Reports, 2021-11-22;11(1):22702.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products regulates age-associated Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: F Scavello, F Zeni, G Milano, F Macrì, S Castiglion, E Zuccolo, A Scopece, G Pezone, CC Tedesco, P Nigro, G Degani, E Gambini, F Veglia, L Popolo, G Pompilio, GI Colombo, ME Bianchi, A Raucci
International journal of biological sciences, 2021-06-11;17(10):2399-2416.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) as a biomarker of COPD
Authors: KA Pratte, JL Curtis, K Kechris, D Couper, MH Cho, EK Silverman, DL DeMeo, FC Sciurba, Y Zhang, VE Ortega, WK O'Neal, LA Gillenwate, DA Lynch, EA Hoffman, JD Newell, AP Comellas, PJ Castaldi, BE Miller, SD Pouwels, NHTT Hacken, R Bischoff, F Klont, PG Woodruff, R Paine, RG Barr, J Hoidal, CM Doerschuk, JP Charbonnie, R Sung, N Locantore, JG Yonchuk, S Jacobson, R Tal-Singer, D Merrill, RP Bowler
Respiratory Research, 2021-04-27;22(1):127.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) and Soluble Forms of AGE Receptor: Emerging Role as Mortality Risk Factors in CKD
Authors: E Dozio, S Vettoretti, L Caldiroli, S Nerini-Mol, L Tacchini, F Ambrogi, P Messa, MM Corsi Roma
Biomedicines, 2020-12-21;8(12):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Urine
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Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Forms in COVID-19 Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study on Their Role as Disease Biomarkers
Authors: E Dozio, C Sitzia, L Pistelli, R Cardani, R Rigolini, M Ranucci, MM Corsi Roma
J Clin Med, 2020-11-23;9(11):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Circulating Ligands of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and the Soluble Form of the Receptor Modulate Cardiovascular Cell Apoptosis in Diabetes
Authors: JN Tsoporis, E Hatziagela, S Gupta, S Izhar, V Salpeas, A Tsiavou, AG Rigopoulos, AS Triantafyl, JC Marshall, TG Parker, IK Rizos
Molecules, 2020-11-10;25(22):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Higher levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and lower levels of the extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end products were associated with lipid-lowering drugs in patients with type 1 diabetes: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: EO Melin, J Dereke, M Hillman
Lipids Health Dis, 2020-10-14;19(1):223.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Circulating Levels of the Soluble Receptor for AGE (sRAGE) during Escalating Oral Glucose Dosages and Corresponding Isoglycaemic i.v. Glucose Infusions in Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: AK Fotheringh, JI Bagger, DJ Borg, DA McCarthy, JJ Holst, T Vilsbøll, FK Knop, JM Forbes
Nutrients, 2020-09-24;12(10):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Longitudinal evaluation of Wnt inhibitors and comparison with others serum osteoimmunological biomarkers in osteolytic bone metastasis
Authors: E Galliera, L Massaccesi, E de Benedet, E Longhi, D de Toma, MM Corsi Roma, G Banfi
J. Leukoc. Biol., 2020-02-07;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Circulating Irisin and esRAGE as Early Biomarkers of Decline of Metabolic Health
Authors: E Dozio, E Vianello, C Sitzia, F Ambrogi, S Benedini, S Gorini, B Rampoldi, R Rigolini, L Tacchini, MMC Romanelli
J Clin Med, 2020-02-06;9(2):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Modulation of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) isoforms and their ligands in healthy aging
Authors: F Scavello, F Zeni, CC Tedesco, E Mensà, F Veglia, AD Procopio, AR Bonfigli, F Olivieri, A Raucci
Aging (Albany NY), 2019-03-23;11(6):1648-1663.
Species: Human, Rat
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Serum
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Regulation of RAGE ectodomain shedding and its role in cell function
Authors: A Braley, T Kwak, J Jules, E Harja, R Landgraf, BI Hudson
J Biol Chem, 2016-03-28;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Expression of RAGE and HMGB1 in thymic epithelial tumors, thymic hyperplasia and regular thymic morphology.
Authors: Moser B, Janik S, Schiefer A, Mullauer L, Bekos C, Scharrer A, Mildner M, Renyi-Vamos F, Klepetko W, Ankersmit H
PLoS ONE, 2014-04-04;9(4):e94118.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and large artery structure and function in young subjects with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes.
Authors: Palombo C, Kozakova M, Morizzo C, Gnesi L, Barsotti M, Spontoni P, Massart F, Salvi P, Balbarini A, Saggese G, Di Stefano R, Federico G
Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2011-10-08;10(0):88.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-product levels are decreased in patients with calcific aortic valve stenosis.
Authors: Basta G, Corciu AI, Vianello A, Del Turco S, Foffa I, Navarra T, Chiappino D, Berti S, Mazzone A
Atherosclerosis, 2010-01-04;210(2):614-8.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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High plasma levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerosis.
Authors: Basta G, Castagnini M, Del Turco S, Epistolato MC, Righini P, Sangiorgi GM, De Caterina R, Tanganelli P
Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 2009-10-07;39(12):1065-72.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Suspension microarrays for the identification of the response patterns in hyperinflammatory diseases.
Authors: Hsu HY, Wittemann S, Schneider EM, Weiss M, Joos TO
Med Eng Phys, 2008-03-03;30(8):976-83.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Lung epithelial injury markers are not influenced by use of lower tidal volumes during elective surgery in patients without preexisting lung injury.
Authors: Determann RM, Wolthuis EK, Choi G, Bresser P, Bernard A, Lutter R, Schultz MJ
Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2007-12-14;294(2):L344-50.
Species: Human
Sample Types: BALF
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Distribution of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the human male reproductive tract: prevalence in men with diabetes mellitus.
Authors: Mallidis C, Agbaje I, Rogers D, Glenn J, McCullough S, Atkinson AB, Steger K, Stitt A, McClure N
Hum. Reprod., 2007-06-21;22(8):2169-77.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Seminal Plasma
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We run human EDTA-plasma samples with this kit at an 1:5 dilution. The observed inter coefficient of variation was a bit higher than preferred.