Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine DuoSet ELISA Summary
* Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.
This DuoSet ELISA Development kit contains the basic components required for the development of sandwich ELISAs to measure natural and recombinant human CX3CL1/Fractalkine. The suggested diluent is suitable for the analysis of most cell culture supernate samples. Diluents for complex matrices, such as serum and plasma, should be evaluated prior to use in this DuoSet.
Product Features
- Optimized capture and detection antibody pairings with recommended concentrations save lengthy development time
- Development protocols are provided to guide further assay optimization
- Assay can be customized to your specific needs
- Economical alternative to complete kits
Kit Content
- Capture Antibody
- Detection Antibody
- Recombinant Standard
- Streptavidin conjugated to horseradish-peroxidase (Streptavidin-HRP)
Other Reagents Required
DuoSet Ancillary Reagent Kit 2 (5 plates): (Catalog # DY008) containing 96 well microplates, plate sealers, substrate solution, stop solution, plate coating buffer (PBS), wash buffer, and Reagent Diluent Concentrate 2.
The components listed above may be purchased separately:
PBS: (Catalog # DY006), or 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8.1 mM Na2HPO4, 1.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 7.2 - 7.4, 0.2 µm filtered
Wash Buffer: (Catalog # WA126), or 0.05% Tween® 20 in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4
Reagent Diluent: (Catalog # DY995), or 1% BSA in PBS, pH 7.2-7.4, 0.2 µm filtered
Substrate Solution: 1:1 mixture of Color Reagent A (H2O2) and Color Reagent B (Tetramethylbenzidine) (Catalog # DY999)
Stop Solution: 2 N H2SO4 (Catalog # DY994)
Microplates: R&D Systems (Catalog # DY990)
Plate Sealers: ELISA Plate Sealers (Catalog # DY992)
Scientific Data
Product Datasheets
Preparation and Storage
Background: CX3CL1/Fractalkine
CX3CL1/Fractalkine is a transmembrane adhesion protein with a chemokine domain separated from the membrane by a mucin stalk. It is upregulated on many cell types during inflammation. The chemokine and mucin regions can be shed as a soluble chemokine that signals through the receptor CX3CR1. During extravasation, membrane-bound CX3CL1 traps leukocytes, then is cleaved to allow diapedesis. Soluble CX3CL1 protects neurons from microglial neurotoxicity, recruits macrophages for wound healing, recruits osteoclast precursors for bone resorption, and contributes to pathogenesis in coronary artery disease.
Assay Procedure
GENERAL ELISA PROTOCOL
Plate Preparation
- Dilute the Capture Antibody to the working concentration in PBS without carrier protein. Immediately coat a 96-well microplate with 100 μL per well of the diluted Capture Antibody. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at room temperature.
- Aspirate each well and wash with Wash Buffer, repeating the process two times for a total of three washes. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (400 μL) using a squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or autowasher. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or by inverting the plate and blotting it against clean paper towels.
- Block plates by adding 300 μL Reagent Diluent to each well. Incubate at room temperature for a minimum of 1 hour.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2. The plates are now ready for sample addition.
Assay Procedure
- Add 100 μL of sample or standards in Reagent Diluent, or an appropriate diluent, per well. Cover with an adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
- Add 100 μL of the Detection Antibody, diluted in Reagent Diluent, to each well. Cover with a new adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
- Add 100 μL of the working dilution of Streptavidin-HRP to each well. Cover the plate and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
- Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2.
- Add 100 μL of Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
- Add 50 μL of Stop Solution to each well. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
- Determine the optical density of each well immediately, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm. If wavelength correction is available, set to 540 nm or 570 nm. If wavelength correction is not available, subtract readings at 540 nm or 570 nm from the readings at 450 nm. This subtraction will correct for optical imperfections in the plate. Readings made directly at 450 nm without correction may be higher and less accurate.
Citations for Human CX3CL1/Fractalkine DuoSet ELISA
R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains references using R&D Systems products. The data collected includes not only links to publications in PubMed, but also provides information about sample types, species, and experimental conditions.
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Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Associated with Enhanced Activation of Th17 Lymphocytes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Fiorillo, A;Gallego, JJ;Casanova-Ferrer, F;Giménez-Garzó, C;Urios, A;Ballester, MP;Durbán, L;Rios, MP;Megías, J;San Miguel, T;Kosenko, E;Escudero-García, D;Benlloch, S;Felipo, V;Montoliu, C;
International journal of molecular sciences
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Immune Checkpoint Profiling in Humanized Breast Cancer Mice Revealed Cell-Specific LAG-3/PD-1/TIM-3 Co-Expression and Elevated PD-1/TIM-3 Secretion
Authors: Bruss, C;Kellner, K;Albert, V;Hutchinson, JA;Seitz, S;Ortmann, O;Brockhoff, G;Wege, AK;
Cancers
Species: Human, Xenograft
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Serum
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CX3CL1 Overexpression Prevents the Formation of Lung Metastases in Trastuzumab-Treated MDA-MB-453-Based Humanized Tumor Mice (HTM)
Authors: AK Wege, TF Dreyer, A Teoman, O Ortmann, G Brockhoff, H Bronger
Cancers, 2021-05-18;13(10):.
Species: Human, Xenograft
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates, Serum
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A digital single-molecule nanopillar SERS platform for predicting and monitoring immune toxicities in immunotherapy
Authors: J Li, A Wuethrich, AAI Sina, HH Cheng, Y Wang, A Behren, PN Mainwaring, M Trau
Nature Communications, 2021-02-17;12(1):1087.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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High circulating SDF-1and MCP-1 levels and genetic variations in CXCL12, CCL2 and CCR5: Prognostic signature of immune recovery status in treated HIV-positive patients
Authors: E Yeregui, C Viladés, P Domingo, A Ceausu, YM Pacheco, S Veloso, A Inciarte, J Vidal-Gonz, M Peraire, C Perpiñán, V Falcó, J Masip, V Alba, M Vargas, A Martí, L Reverté, J Mallolas, F Vidal, J Peraire, A Rull
EBioMedicine, 2020-11-06;62(0):103077.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Plasma
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Effects of an 8-Week Protein Supplementation Regimen with Hyperimmunized Cow Milk on Exercise-Induced Organ Damage and Inflammation in Male Runners: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over Study
Authors: S Ma, T Tominaga, K Kanda, K Sugama, C Omae, S Hashimoto, K Aoyama, Y Yoshikai, K Suzuki
Biomedicines, 2020-03-04;8(3):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Urine
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ADAM-17 is expressed on rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and regulates proinflammatory mediator expression and monocyte adhesion
Authors: S Ishii, T Isozaki, H Furuya, H Takeuchi, Y Tsubokura, K Inagaki, T Kasama
Arthritis Res. Ther., 2018-08-02;20(1):159.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Glycogen synthase kinase-3? regulates fractalkine production by altering its trafficking from Golgi to plasma membrane: implications for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jesús Ávila
Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2016-11-10;0(0):.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Homogenates
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CX3CL1 expression in the conjunctiva is involved in immune cell trafficking during toxic ocular surface inflammation.
Authors: Denoyer A, Godefroy D, Celerier I, Frugier J, Riancho L, Baudouin F, Rostene W, Baudouin C
Mucosal Immunol, 2012-06-13;5(0):702.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Serum level of soluble CX3CL1/fractalkine is elevated in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, which is correlated with disease activity.
Authors: Suzuki F, Kubota T
Arthritis Res. Ther., 2012-03-06;14(2):R48.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Thromboxane prostanoid receptor stimulation induces shedding of the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1 yet enhances CX3CL1-dependent leukocyte adhesion.
Authors: Tole S, Durkan AM, Huang YW, Liu GY, Leung A, Jones LL, Taylor JA, Robinson LA
Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol., 2010-03-17;298(6):C1469-80.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Lysates
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Expression of ADAM-17, TIMP-3 and fractalkine in the human adult brain endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, following pro-inflammatory cytokine treatment.
Authors: Hurst LA, Bunning RA, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler BB, Sharrack B, Woodroofe MN
J. Neuroimmunol., 2009-03-25;210(1):108-12.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Urinary fractalkine is a marker of acute rejection.
Authors: Peng W, Chen J, Jiang Y, Wu J, Shou Z, He Q, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang H
Kidney Int., 2008-09-17;74(11):1454-60.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Urine
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The involvement of the fractalkine receptor in the transmigration of neuroblastoma cells through bone-marrow endothelial cells.
Authors: Nevo I, Sagi-Assif O, Meshel T, Ben-Baruch A, Johrer K, Greil R, Trejo LE, Kharenko O, Feinmesser M, Yron I, Witz IP
Cancer Lett., 2008-09-07;273(1):127-39.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Vitamin D and glucocorticoids differentially modulate chemokine expression in human airway smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Banerjee A, Damera G, Bhandare R, Gu S, Lopez-Boado Y, Panettieri R, Tliba O
Br. J. Pharmacol., 2008-06-16;155(1):84-92.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Cytokine expression profiling of the myocardium reveals a role for CX3CL1 (fractalkine) in heart failure.
Authors: Husberg C, Nygard S, Finsen AV, Damas JK, Frigessi A, Oie E, Waehre A, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Christensen G
J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2008-05-28;45(2):261-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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CX3CR1 is expressed by prostate epithelial cells and androgens regulate the levels of CX3CL1/fractalkine in the bone marrow: potential role in prostate cancer bone tropism.
Authors: Jamieson WL, Shimizu S, D'Ambrosio JA, Meucci O, Fatatis A
Cancer Res., 2008-03-15;68(6):1715-22.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Tissue Secretion
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Proteomics analysis of Hodgkin lymphoma: identification of new players involved in the cross-talk between HRS cells and infiltrating lymphocytes.
Authors: Ma Y, Visser L, Roelofsen H, de Vries M, Diepstra A, van Imhoff G, van der Wal T, Luinge M, Alvarez-Llamas G, Vos H, Poppema S, Vonk R, Van Den Berg A
Blood, 2007-12-10;111(4):2339-46.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Endothelial damage from cytomegalovirus-specific host immune response can be prevented by targeted disruption of fractalkine-CX3CR1 interaction.
Authors: Bolovan-Fritts CA, Spector SA
Blood, 2007-09-25;111(1):175-82.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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High T-cell response to human cytomegalovirus induces chemokine-mediated endothelial cell damage.
Authors: Bolovan-Fritts CA, Trout RN, Spector SA
Blood, 2007-05-22;110(6):1857-63.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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The uremic solute p-cresol decreases leukocyte transendothelial migration in vitro.
Authors: Faure V, Cerini C, Paul P, Berland Y, Dignat-George F, Brunet P
Int. Immunol., 2006-09-05;18(10):1453-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Soluble fractalkine in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuropsychiatric lupus.
Authors: Sato E, Iikuni N, Yoshio T, Minota S, Kamatani N, Okamoto H
Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2006-09-01;65(9):1257-9.
Species: Human
Sample Types: CSF
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Fractalkine and CX3CR1 are involved in the recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes of intrahepatic bile ducts.
Authors: Isse K, Harada K, Zen Y, Kamihira T, Shimoda S, Harada M, Nakanuma Y
Hepatology, 2005-03-01;41(3):506-16.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Serum
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Human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+-T-cell cytokine response induces fractalkine in endothelial cells.
Authors: Bolovan-Fritts CA, Trout RN, Spector SA
J. Virol., 2004-12-01;78(23):13173-81.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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Fractalkine reduces N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced calcium flux and apoptosis in human neurons through extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation.
Authors: Deiva K, Geeraerts T, Salim H, Leclerc P, Hery C, Hugel B, Freyssinet JM, Tardieu M
Eur. J. Neurosci., 2004-12-01;20(12):3222-32.
Species: Human
Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates
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