Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
Purity: ≥95%
Biological Activity
Exendin-3 (9-39) amide is a potent and selective GLP-1 receptor antagonist (Kd = 1.7 nM at cloned human GLP-1 receptors). Inhibits cAMP production and insulin release induced by GLP-1 (7-36), exendin-3 (IC50 = 20 nM) and exendin-4. Blocks the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on food intake in rats.Technical Data
(Modifications: Ser-31 = C-terminal amide)
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Background References
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Hindbrain oxytocin receptors contribute to the effects of circulating oxytocin on food intake in male rats.
Ho J, Anekonda V, Thompson B, Zhu M, Curry R, Hwang B, Morton G, Schwartz M, Baskin D, Appleyard S, Blevins J
Endocrinology, 2014;155(8):2845-57. -
A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding.
Turton et al.
Nature, 1996;379:69 -
Exendin-3, a novel peptide from the Heloderma horridum venom, interacts with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors and a newly described receptor on dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas.
Raufman et al.
J.Biol.Chem., 1991;266:2897 -
Exendin-4 is a high potency agonist and truncated exendin-(9-39)-amide an antagonist at the glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-36)-amide receptor of Ins-Secr.g β-cells.
Goke et al.
J.Biol.Chem., 1993;268:19650 -
Cloning and functional expression of the human islet GLP-1 receptor. Demonstration that exendin-4 is an agonist and exendin-(9-39) an antagonist of the receptor.
Thorens et al.
Diabetes, 1993;42:1678
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Citations for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for Exendin-3 (9-39) amide include:
5 Citations: Showing 1 - 5
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors within the nucleus of the solitary tract regulate alcohol-mediated behaviors in rodents.
Authors: Vallof Et al.
Neuropharmacology 2019;
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Lactobacillus gasseri in the Upper Small Intestine Impacts an ACSL3-Dependent Fatty Acid-Sensing Pathway Regulating Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis.
Authors: Bauer Et al.
Cell Metab 2018;27:572
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GLP-1 acts on habenular avoidance circuits to control nicotine intake.
Authors: Tuesta
Nat Neurosci 2017;20(5):708
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Negative Energy Balance Blocks Neural and Behavioral Responses to Acute Stress by " Silencing" Central Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling in Rats.
Authors: Maniscalco Et al.
Emerg Microbes Infect 2015;35:10701
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The role of the gut hormone GLP-1 in the metabolic improvements caused by ileal transposition.
Authors: Gaitonde Et al.
J Surg Res 2012;178:33
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