Dexamethasone

Biological Activity

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory. Reduces levels of activated NF-κB in immature dendritic cells (DCs) and inhibits differentiation into mature DCs. Induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Also used in the generation of liver organoids. Induces autophagy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines. Acts as viral transduction enhancer by promoting intracellular shuttling of HIV-1 pre-integration complex to the nucleus. Additionally Dexamethasone pretreatment in vivo suppresses adaptive immune response to recombinant adenoviral gene transfer vectors.

Tocris products are for biomedical research use only. They are not intended for human or veterinary use.

Technical Data

The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.

Background References

1. High-throughput genotoxicity assay identifies antioxidants as inducers of DNA damage response and cell death.
   Fox JT, Sakamuru S, Huang R
   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2012;109(14):5423-8.
2. Cholangiocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling and drug validation.
   Sampaziotis F, Cardoso de Brito M, Madrigal P, Bertero A, Saeb-Parsy K, Soares F, Schrumpf E, Melum E, Karlsen T, Bradley J, Gelson W, Davies S, Baker A, Kaser A, Alexander G, Hannan N, Vallier L
   Nat Biotechnol, 2015;33(8):845-52.
3. Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into functional cholangiocyte-like cells
   F Sampazioti, MC de Brito, I Geti, A Bertero, NR Hannan, L Vallier
   Nat Protoc, 2017;12(4):814-827.
4. Long-term culture of genome-stable bipotent stem cells from adult human liver.
   Huch M, Gehart H, van Boxtel R, Hamer K, Blokzijl F, Verstegen M, Ellis E, van Wenum M, Fuchs S, de Ligt J, van de Wetering M, Sasaki N, Boers S, Kemperman H, de Jonge J, Ijzermans J, Nieuwenhuis E, Hoekstra R, Strom S, Vries R, van der Laan L, Cuppen E, Clevers H
   Cell, 2015;160(1):299-312.
5. Regulation of the CCL2 Gene in Pancreatic beta-Cells by IL-1beta and Glucocorticoids: Role of MKP-1.
   Burke S, Goff M, Updegraff B, Lu D, Brown P, Minkin S, Biggerstaff J, Zhao L, Karlstad M, Collier J
   PLoS ONE, 2012;7(10):e46986.
6. Cytotoxicity of Zardaverine in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma from a Costello Syndrome Patient
   DM Cartledge, KM Robbins, KM Drake, R Sternberg, DL Stabley, KW Gripp, EA Kolb, K Sol-Church, AD Napper
   Front Oncol, 2017;7(0):42.
7. Gene expression profiles of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are modified by cell culture density.
   Kim D, Lee M, Yoo K, Lee T, Kim H, Jang I, Chun Y, Kim H, Park S, Lee S, Son M, Jung H, Sung K, Koo H
   PLoS ONE, 2014;9(1):e83363.
8. Magnetic Targeting of Stem Cell Derivatives Enhances Hepatic Engraftment into Structurally Normal Liver
   WS Fagg, N Liu, MJ Yang, K Cheng, E Chung, JS Kim, G Wu, J Fair
   Cell Transplant, 2017;26(12):1868-1877.
9. Dexamethasone inhibits dendritic cell maturation by redirecting differentiation of a subset of cells.
   Matasic et al.
   J.Leukoc.Biol., 1999;66:909
10. Cell death induced by dexameth. in lymphoid leukemia is mediated through initiation of autophagy.
    Laane et al.
    Cell Death Differ., 2009;16:1018
11. Effects of dexameth. and cyclosporin A on the accumulation of eosinophils in acute cutaneous inflammation in the guinea-pig.
    Teixeira et al.
    Br.J.Pharmacol., 1996;118:317
12. Short bouts of mechanical loading are as effective as dexameth. at inducing matrix production by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell.
    Sittichokechaiwut et al.
    Eur.Cell Mater., 2010;20:45
13. The effect of dexamethasone on lentiviral vector infection is associated with importin α.
    Deng et al.
    Biomed.Rep., 2014;2:137
14. Transient pretreatment with glucocorticoid ablates innate toxicity of systemically delivered adenoviral vectors without reducing efficacy.
    Seregin et al.
    Mol.Ther., 2009;17:685
15. Chronic Corticosterone Elevation Suppresses Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Hyperphosphorylating Huntingtin
    F Agasse, I Mendez-Dav, W Christalle, R Carpentier, BY Braz, DJ David, F Saudou, S Humbert
    Cell Rep, 2020;32(1):107865.
16. A hepatocyte differentiation model reveals two subtypes of liver cancer with different oncofetal properties and therapeutic targets
    M Liu, Q Yan, Y Sun, Y Nam, L Hu, JH Loong, Q Ouyang, Y Zhang, HL Li, FE Kong, L Li, Y Li, MM Li, W Cheng, LX Jiang, S Fang, XD Yang, JQ Mo, YF Gong, YQ Tang, Y Li, YF Yuan, NF Ma, G Lin, S Ma, JG Wang, XY Guan
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2020;0(0):.
17. Human extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids show region-specific differentiation potential and model cystic fibrosis-related bile duct disease
    MMA Verstegen, FJM Roos, K Burka, H Gehart, M Jager, M de Wolf, MJC Bijvelds, HR de Jonge, AI Ardisasmit, NA van Huizen, HP Roest, J de Jonge, M Koch, F Pampaloni, SA Fuchs, IF Schene, TM Luider, HPJ van der Do, FAJA Bodewes, RHJ de Kleine, B Spee, GJ Kremers, H Clevers, JNM IJzermans, E Cuppen, LJW van der La
    Scientific Reports, 2020;10(1):21900.

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