(±)-Blebbistatin
Chemical Name: (±)-1,2,3,3a-Tetrahydro-3a-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-phenyl-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one
Purity: ≥99%
Biological Activity
(±)-Blebbistatin is a selective inhibitor of myosin II ATPase activity; inhibits contraction of the cleavage furrow without disrupting mitosis or contractile ring assembly. (�)-Blebbistatin rapidly and reversibly blocks cell blebbing, and disrupts directed cell migration and cytokinesis in vertebrate cells. (�)-Blebbistatin inhibits arterial thrombosis development, reduces infiltration of inflammatory cells, and reduces damage to vascular tissue in vivo in a mice model of arterial thrombosis.Active and Inactive Enantiomer also available.
Technical Data
The technical data provided above is for guidance only.
For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Additional Information
Background References
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Non-muscle myosin II regulates survival threshold of pluripotent stem cells.
Walker et al.
Nat.Commun., 2010;1:71 -
Specificity of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II.
Limouze et al.
J.Muscle Res.Cell Motil., 2004;25:337 -
Dissecting temporal and spatial control of cytokinesis with a myosin II inhibitor.
Straight et al.
Science, 2003;299:1743 -
Dissecting cytokinesis with small molecules.
Straight et al.
Amer.Soc.Cell Biol.Abstr., 2002;:2515
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Citations for (±)-Blebbistatin
The citations listed below are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for (±)-Blebbistatin include:
44 Citations: Showing 1 - 10
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Nuclear envelope deformation controls cell cycle progression in response to mechanical force.
Authors: Aureille Et al.
EMBO Rep 2019;20:e48084
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Volume expansion and TRPV4 activation regulate stem cell fate in three-dimensional microenvironments.
Authors: Lee Et al.
Nat Commun 2019;10:529
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Microtubule-Based Control of Motor-Clutch System Mechanics in Glioma Cell Migration.
Authors: Prahl Et al.
Cell Rep 2018;25:2591
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ROCK signaling promotes collagen remodeling to facilitate invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor cell growth.
Authors: Rath Et al.
EMBO Mol Med 2017;9:198
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MYH9 is an Essential Factor for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection.
Authors: Gao Et al.
Nat Commun 2016;6:25120
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Real-time two- and three-dimensional imaging of monocyte motility and navigation on planar surfaces and in collagen matrices: roles of Rho.
Authors: Bzymek Et al.
Sci Rep 2016;6:25016
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Myocardial Infarction Causes Transient Cholinergic Transdifferentiation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves via gp130.
Authors: Olivas Et al.
J Neurosci 2016;36:479
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Cell migration and antigen capture are antagonistic processes coupled by myosin II in dendritic cells.
Authors: Chabaud Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;6:7526
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Substrate stress relaxation regulates cell spreading.
Authors: Chaudhuri Et al.
Int J Nanomedicine 2015;6:6364
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Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase σ after myocardial infarction restores cardiac sympathetic innervation and prevents arrhythmias.
Authors: Gardner Et al.
Nat Commun 2015;6:6235
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Expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin Determines the Fate of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.
Authors: Talele Et al.
Stem Cell Reports 2015;4:1016
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Mechanical coupling between transsynaptic N-cadherin adhesions and actin flow stabilizes dendritic spines.
Authors: Chazeau Et al.
Int J Cancer 2015;26:859
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ZO-1 controls endothelial adherens junctions, cell-cell tension, angiogenesis, and barrier formation.
Authors: Tornavaca Et al.
Cell 2015;208:821
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Cortical contractility triggers a stochastic switch to fast amoeboid cell motility.
Authors: Ruprecht Et al.
PLoS One 2015;160:673
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SDF-1α stiffens myeloma bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells through the activation of RhoA-ROCK-Myosin II.
Authors: Choi Et al.
J Cell Biol 2015;136:E219
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Atherosclerosis exacerbates arrhythmia following myocardial infarction: Role of myocardial inflammation.
Authors: Jesus Et al.
Mol Biol Cell 2015;12:169
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Role of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium in development of secondary calcium rise and early afterdepolarizations in long QT syndrome rabbit model.
Authors: Chang Et al.
J Cell Sci 2015;10:e0123868
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SimV. enhances Rho/actin/cell rigidity pathway contributing to mesenchymal stem cells' osteogenic differentiation.
Authors: Tai Et al.
Heart Rhythm 2015;10:5881
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Live Cell Interferometry Quantifies Dynamics of Biomass Partitioning during Cytokinesis.
Authors: Zangle Et al.
PLoS One 2014;9:e115726
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Optical mapping of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ in the intact heart: ryanodine receptor refractoriness during alternans and fibrillation.
Authors: Wang Et al.
Circ Res 2014;114:1410
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Organ explant culture of neonatal rat ventricles: a new model to study gene and cell therapy.
Authors: Haan Et al.
PLoS One 2013;8:e59290
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Sinoatrial node reentry in a canine chronic left ventricular infarct model: role of intranodal fibrosis and heterogeneity of refractoriness.
Authors: Glukhov Et al.
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013;6:984
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Functional roles of KATP channel subunits in metabolic inhibition.
Authors: Glukhov Et al.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013;62:90
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Mitochondrial dysfunction causing cardiac sodium channel downregulation in cardiomyopathy.
Authors: Liu Et al.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013;54:25
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Diabetic hyperglycaemia activates CaMKII and arrhythmias by O-linked glycosylation.
Authors: Erickson Et al.
Nature 2013;502:372
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Three-dimensional printing physiology laboratory technology.
Authors: Sulkin Et al.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013;305:H1569
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Shaping organs by a wingless-int/Notch/nonmuscle myosin module which orients feather bud elongation.
Authors: Li Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:E1452
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EGFR and myosin II inhibitors cooperate to suppress EGFR-T790M-mutant NSCLC cells.
Authors: Chiu Et al.
Mol Oncol 2012;6:299
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LTP induction translocates cortactin at distant synapses in wild-type but not Fmr1 knock-out mice.
Authors: Seese Et al.
J Neurosci 2012;32:7403
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Intramural optical mapping of V(m) and Ca(i)2+ during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in canine hearts.
Authors: Kong Et al.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012;302:H1294
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CD36 protein influences myocardial Ca2+ homeostasis and phospholipid metabolism: conduction anomalies in CD36-deficient mice during fasting.
Authors: Pietka Et al.
J Biol Chem 2012;287:38901
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A Rho GTPase signal treadmill backs a contractile array.
Authors: Burkel Et al.
Dev Cell 2012;23:384
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Contractile Activity Regulates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and NO(i) Production in Cardiomyocytes via a FAK-Dependent Signaling Pathway.
Authors: Chu Et al.
J Signal Transduct 2012;2012:473410
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Effects of KATP channel openers Dox and pinacidil in coronary-perfused atria and ventricles from failing and non-failing human hearts.
Authors: Fedorov Et al.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011;51:215
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RhoJ/TCL regulates endothelial motility and tube formation and modulates actomyosin contractility and focal adhesion numbers.
Authors: Kaur Et al.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011;31:657
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Role of Pyk2 in cardiac arrhythmogenesis.
Authors: Lang Et al.
J Inflamm (Lond) 2011;301:H975
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'White wave' analysis of epithelial scratch wound healing reveals how cells mobilise back from the leading edge in a myosin-II-dependent fashion.
Authors: Matsubayashi Et al.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;124:1017
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Transmural heterogeneity and remodeling of ventricular excitation-contraction coupling in human heart failure.
Authors: Lou Et al.
Circulation 2011;123:1881
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Optical mapping of action potentials and calcium transients in the mouse heart.
Authors: Lang Et al.
J Vis Exp 2011;
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Flotillins interact with PSGL-1 in neutrophils and, upon stimulation, rapidly organize into membrane domains subsequently accumulating in the uropod.
Authors: Rossy Et al.
PLoS One 2009;4:e5403
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Emergence of patterned stem cell differentiation within multicellular structures.
Authors: Ruiz and Chen
Sci Rep 2008;26:2921
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Rac1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts are motile and respond to platelet-derived growth factor.
Authors: Vidali Et al.
Mol Biol Cell 2006;17:2377
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Reassembly of contractile actin cortex in cell blebs.
Authors: Charras Et al.
J Cell Biol 2006;175:477
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Emergent patterns of growth controlled by multicellular form and mechanics.
Authors: Nelson Et al.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;102:11594
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